Week 6 Ergonomic Review Flashcards
what are the goals of ergonomics
-prevent work related MSDs
- increase safety and productivity
- enhance performance by eliminating unneccesary effort
- improve the standard of care to the patient
what are the symptoms of MSDs
-fatigue in shoulders and neck
- tingling, burning or other pain in arms
- weak grip and cramping of hands
- numbness in fingers and hands
- clumsiness and dropping of objects
- hypersensitivity in hands and fingers
what are cumulative trauma disorders
- microscopic damage that occurs daily to certain parts of your musculoskeletal system
what are the most common CTDs
- chronic low back pain
- tension neck syndrome
- trapezius myalgia
what is chronic low back pain caused by
poor seated posture and weak stabilizing trunk muscles
what is tension neck syndrome caused by
forward head posture
what is trapezius myalgia caused by
sustained contraction in upper trapezius muscle
what is rotator cuff impingement from
shoulder pain from over reaching and a sustained arm elevation
what is carpal tunnel syndrome from
medial nerve compression in the wrist from a flexed wrist posture, a forceful grip or gripping instruments with small diameters
what percentage of dental students experienced neck, shoulder and/or back pain
46-71%
more than ____% of dental students reported pain by their 3rd year
70
what are 3 P’s to fitness in the operatory
posture, positioning, periodic stretching
what is the correct posture
-head at 0-20 degree tilt, ears over shoulders
- shoulders over hips
- elbows relaxed at side
- forearms parallel to the floor or slightly upward
- slight surve in lower back
- hip angle greater than 90 degrees
- feet flat on floor
what is neutral seated position
forearms parallel to floor
-weight evenly balanced
- hips higher than knees- 110 degrees
- seat height positioned low enough so that you are able to rest the heels of your feet on the floor
- have a tripod effects- legs and torso
what is neutral neck position and what should you avoid
-head tilt of 0-15 degrees
- line from eyes to the treatment area should be as near to vertical as possible
- avoid head tipped too far forward and head tilted to one side
the head weighs ____, and for every inch the head tilts forward, the load on neck and muscles ____.
8-10 lbs; doubles
the greater the forward head position,____
the more likely people are to experience neck or shoulder pain or chronic tension headaches
what is neutral shoulder position and what should you avoid
-shoulders in horizontal line
-weight evenly balanced when seated
- avoid shoulders lifted up towards ears, shoulders hunched forward, weight on one hip
what is neutral back position and what do you avoid
-leaning forward slightly from waist or hips
- trunk flexion 0 to 20 degrees
- avoid over flexion of spine (curved back)
what is neutral upper arm position and what do you avoid
- upper arms hang parallel to the long axis of the torso
- elbows at waist level held slightly away from body
- avoid greater than 20 degree of elbow abduction away from the body and elbows held above waist level
what is neutral forearm position and what should you avoid
- parallel to the floor
- raised or lowered, by pivoting at the elbow joint
- avoid angle between forearm and upper arm less than 60 degrees
how should you position the patient to maintain neutral position
- recline the patient: supine for maxillary, semi supine for mandibular
- adjust headrest
- adjust chair height to maintain neutral position
- ask patient to move head as needed
- equipment placement within easy reach
- light position to avoid shadowing
what is the rule of thumb when working on the mandibukar
position the occlusal plane of the mandibular parallel to the floor
what is the rule of thumb when working on the maxillary
position the occlusal plane of the maxilla perpendicular to the floor
describe operator positioning
-establish line of sight for direct or indirect vision perpendicular to working surface
- 8-12 for right handed
-12-4 for left handed
- indirect vision with mirror
- change position frequently
- dont side sit
what are the benefits to magnification
-reduce strain on your eyes
- improve the quality of care and diagnostics
- improve your vision via greater magnification
- increased comfort via proper ergonomics
what are the ADA recommendations for hearing protection
- wear ear plugs or noise cancelling headphones while using dental equipment
- consider noise level when selecting dental equipment
- have hearing tested to establish baseline
- monitor your hearing acuity on a regular basis
what is acoustic trauma
few exposures, intense sound level
what is temporary threshold shift
-temporary hearing change following exposure to noise
what is a permanent threshold shift
result of accumulation of exposure to noise repeated over years, irreversible and seen in dentisry
