Week 9- Genetics

Question 1

what does homozygous mean?

Answer 1

same 2 alleles

Question 2

what does heterozygous mean?

Answer 2

2 different allels

Question 3

how many pairs of chromosomes do we have?

Answer 3

23

Question 4

how many totally chromosomes do we have?

Answer 4

46

Question 5

what are the autosomes?

Answer 5

chromosome pairs 1-22

Question 6

what are the sex chromosomes

Answer 6

pair 23

Question 7

what is congenital disease

Answer 7

present at birth (can be from genes or not genetic related like congenital lyme/syphilis)

Question 8

what are hereditary diseases?

Answer 8

based on genes; doesn’t present right away necessarily at birth

Question 9

what causes genetic mustaitosn?

Answer 9

chemicals, smoking, medications, UV, viruses

Question 10

Types of Mutation

Answer 10

1. Point
2. Deletion
3. Frame shift
4. Insertion

Question 11

cycle cell anemia is what type of mutation?

Answer 11

point mutation

Question 12

what does aneuploidy mean?

Answer 12

change in chromosome

Question 13

what is the cause of trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

Answer 13

3 chromosome 21

Question 14

A female with only 1 X chromosome

Answer 14

turner’s sundrome

Question 15

XXY

Answer 15

Klienfelter syndrome

Question 16

carries the genetic information in the body’s cells.

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

DNA is made up of four similar chemicals that are repeated over and over in pairs. What are they?

Answer 17

A- Adenosine
T- Thymine
C- Cytosine
G- Guanine

Question 18

a distinct portion of a cell’s DNA

Answer 18

gene

Question 19

pairs or series of genes on a chromosome that determine the hereditary characteristics

Answer 19

allele

Question 20

when is a person considered a carrier

Answer 20

when they have a dominant and recessive allele

Question 21

phenotype

Answer 21

observable characteristics/traits

Question 22

an organism in which 2 copies of genes are identical i.e. have same alleles

Answer 22

Homozygous

Question 23

an organism which has different alleles of the gene

Answer 23

Heterozygous

Question 24

made up of DNA, RNA & proteins that make up chromosome; material that makes up a chromosome

Answer 24

chromatin

Question 25

one of the two identical parts of the chromosome.

Answer 25

Chromatids:

Question 26

the point where two chromatids attach

Answer 26

Centromere

Question 27

group of molecules that when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA and RNA; composed of phosphate group, the bases: adenosine, cytosine, guanine and thymine

Answer 27

nucelotide

Question 28

series of three adjacent bases in one polynucleotide chain of a DNA or RNA molecule which codes for a specific amino acid.

Answer 28

codon; 3 nucleotides (ie. ACG)

Question 29

does DNA or mRNA use a U instead of a T nucleotide

Answer 29

mRNA; happens when it is transcribed

Question 30

are genetic mutations permanent?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

Autosomal Dominant Disorder

Answer 31

- happens in chromosomes 1-21 | - if you have it it expresses itself (dominant)

Question 32

what is the most common chromosomal disorder?

Answer 32

``` downsyndrome trisomy 21 (3 chromosomes on chromes 21) ```

Question 33

what is trisomy 18 called?

Answer 33

Edwards Syndrome