week 9 - family dynamics and friendships Flashcards
What are the two major dimensions used to categorize parenting styles?
Parental responsiveness (sensitivity, warmth, support) and parental demandingness (control).
What characterizes authoritarian parents?
Low responsiveness, high demandingness; rely on obedience to authority, use yelling and spanking, expect obedience without discussion or explanation.
What characterizes permissive parents?
High responsiveness, low demandingness; don’t often discipline children and want to meet their child’s needs.
What characterizes rejecting-neglecting parents?
Low responsiveness, low demandingness; focused on their own needs rather than their children’s, minimal interaction with children, do not monitor or set limits on child behavior.
What characterizes authoritative parents?
Set clear limits and firmly enforce them, allow independence within limits, attentive and responsive to children’s concerns and needs.
What are the outcomes of authoritarian parenting in middle-class US kids?
Tend to be lower in social and academic skill, boys show increased hostility, girls have low self-esteem and risk of depression.
What are the outcomes of permissive parenting in middle-class US kids?
Less mature and independent, lower self-control, high self-esteem but some problem behaviors.
What are the outcomes of rejecting-neglecting parenting in middle-class US kids?
Problems with peer and parent relationships; as teens, associated with antisocial behavior, depression, low academic performance, and drug/alcohol use.
How does the authoritarian parenting style affect Chinese and Chinese-American families and low-SES families?
Associated with better outcomes; in high-risk situations, more control may be necessary, and authoritarian behaviors are interpreted differently by children.
How do siblings influence family dynamics?
High sibling conflict can lead to negative outcomes. Familism can mitigate negative outcomes when younger siblings receive preferential treatment in Mexican-American families.
Does birth order affect personality and intelligence?
Birth order does not significantly affect personality but may have a small effect on IQ. Firstborn men tend to have higher IQs than their siblings.
How do peer relationships develop in children?
Children establish their own culture, which is historically constant and geographically spread. Peer relationships involve equality, reciprocity, and intimacy, and start to show at 12-18 months with peer preferences.
What are the gender differences in friendships?
Girls have smaller, more intimate and emotional circles; boys have larger, less intimate networks
What are the effects of technology in friendships?
- Rich get richer” hypothesis: people who already have good social skills benefit most from technology when developing friendships
- Social compensation hypothesis: people with social difficulties or social anxiety may benefit from social media; allows time to respond and less social pressure
What is cyberbullying and its prevalence among high school students?
Repeated and intentional harassment via digital devices. 15% of high school students reported cyberbullying, with the highest rates in 9th grade. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual students are twice as likely to be cyberbullied as heterosexual students.
