week 3 lecture 3 - perceptual devevelopment

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

the low-level processing of basic information from the external world by sensory receptors

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information about the objects

Question 3

low-level perception

Answer 3

e.g., acuity, color, brightness

Question 4

mid-level perception

Answer 4

e.g., pattern, depth, objects

Question 5

high-level perception

Answer 5

• recognition, categorization, intermodal correspondence

Question 6

what methods are used to measure how babies perceive the world?

Answer 6

1. preferential looking
2. habituation

Question 7

preferential looking experiment

Answer 7

showed two stimuli to babies and record which one they spenc more time looking at

Question 8

preferential looking experiment findings

Answer 8

Infants do have a preference for looking at patterns over solid colors; preference for patterns that resemble a face

Question 9

habituation experiment

Answer 9

• Visual habituation procedure: place baby in front of screen and show them a stimulus
• Measure how much time it takes for the baby to look away from the screen
• Baby looks away → color goes away → baby looks → color appears (looking time eventually drops)
• Once looking time reaches half the initial time (habituation curve), a new color appears and the looking time is curved

Question 10

Low-level vision: acuity, color

Answer 10

• Preferential looking method cannot be used
• Infants don’t always have color preferences
  -Different inferences have different preferences

Question 11

mid level vision - depth, objects perceptions

Answer 11

• the visual cliff: suggests depth perception comes early on (neither goats nor humans attempted to step over glass_

Question 12

object perception

Answer 12

• How do you tell where one object begins and another ends?
• Possible cues include: color, shape, texture, agps, and motion

Question 13

development of audition

Answer 13

• Well-developed at birth
• Attend to speech (pay attention to prosody aka approval vs. disapproval; and pay attention to motherese - baby speaking)
• Many aspects adult-like by 6 months
• Babies love music

Question 14

cross-modal perception

Answer 14

• intermodal perception
• we come to appreciate relationships between percepts

Question 15

“Molyneux’s problem”

Answer 15

Challenged John Locke’s theory: asked if a man who is born blind and is able to identify object shapes by touch, what would he see?

Question 16

2 hypotheses for

Answer 16

1. you have to learn the correspondence between touch and vision
2. the ability to recognize things across modalities in innately available

Question 17

taste familiarization test

Answer 17

• one month olds were allowed to mouth but not see either a bumpy or smooth pacifier
• Infants would look longer at the picture matching how the pacifier felt