final review Flashcards
What do babies know about the physical world?
Babies have core knowledge about object permanence, continuity, solidity, and support, and they possess powerful learning mechanisms to build on this early knowledge.
What is object permanence?
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed.
What are core knowledge principles?
Continuity (objects move through space unless stopped), solidity (objects don’t pass through each other), and support (objects fall when unsupported).
What are some learning mechanisms infants use?
What are some learning mechanisms infants use?
How do babies develop social knowledge?
Through imitation, face preferences, face recognition, understanding others’ goals, and developing early moral intuitions and prosocial behaviors.
What is the theory of mind?
The understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and beliefs that can be different from one’s own, including the understanding of false beliefs.
What are false belief tasks?
asks that test a child’s ability to understand that others can have beliefs about the world that are incorrect.
How do children categorize things in the world?
They shift from using surface features to deeper attributes and develop intuitive theories of biology, such as vitalism, functionalism, and essentialism.
What is vitalism in children’s biological theories?
The belief in a vital life force that gives living things their vitality.
How do children learn cause and effect in the physical world?
By paying attention to statistical regularities, using play for experimentation, and reasoning relationally about the actions of others.
How do children learn language?
Through perception and production, phonetics, babbling, statistical learning, and an innate preparedness for grammatical rules, within a critical period.
What is symbolic reasoning and how is it related to pretend play?
Symbolic reasoning requires understanding the relationship between symbols and their referents; pretend play is a form of symbolic reasoning that helps children learn through experimentation.
What are the main themes in child development?
Nature vs. nurture, the active child, continuity vs. discontinuity, mechanisms of change, the sociocultural context, and individual differences.
How do nature and nurture interact in child development?
Both biological processes and environmental factors influence development, such as genetic disorders being affected by diet or prenatal development being influenced by sounds and toxins
What is the active child concept?
Children actively participate in their own development by attending to certain stimuli, being motivated to learn, and selecting their own environments.
