Week 9: Cladogram of Theropds

Question 1

Basal theropd

Answer 1

Herrerasaurus
walked on all 4 hind toes
bad vision
boxy skull

Question 2

Neotheropods

Answer 2

Loss of 5th digit
development of furcula
(ex) Coelophsis & carnotaurus

Question 3

Tenanurae

Answer 3

stiffened tails (hard to lose tail, counter balance, run faster cause tail moves in opposite direction)
loss of 4th digit in hand
(ex) spinosaurus- spent a lot of time in water

Question 4

Avetheropoda

Answer 4

pneumatic bones (lighter bones=run faster)
(ex)

Question 5

Carnosauria (part of avetheropoda)

Answer 5

1. Allosaurus
2. Giganotosaurus

had 3 robust metatarsals making up the mid foot

Question 6

coelurosaur feet

Answer 6

had 2 outer metatarsals making up most of mid foot- increased their strength and agility

(ex) tyrannosauroide

Question 7

Ornithomimids (part of coelurosaur)

Answer 7

long legs, small skull, no teeth-ate plants and small animals, fast runner

(ex) Deinocheirus (dino-ki-rus)

Question 8

Maniraptors

Answer 8

modified wrist bone that allowed for more movement

(ex) oviraptors
Therizinosaurs- covered in different types of feathers

Question 9

paraves

Answer 9

longer arms and hand
‘wings’ with layers of feathers
backwards pelvis

(ex)
Troodontids- colourful
Birds
Dromaeosaurs- serrated teeth, fully function front limbs, and movable sickle claw on foot. 4 digits on foot, only 2 seen in the foot print.

Question 10

Avialae

Answer 10

full flight
loss of teeth (beak)
(ex) archaeopteryx- connection between birds and dinos

Question 11

Archaeopteryx bird or reptile?

Answer 11

1. bird
   feathers
   furcula
   fused broad wings
   hollow bones
2. Reptile
   small teeth
   boney tail
   3 fingers with 2nd claw extended

Question 12

melanosomes

Answer 12

organelles in animal cells that store melanin- allows for different shapes for different colours

Question 13

when did feathers evolve

Answer 13

in coelurosauria before ornithornmimids.
Possibly before as evidence has psittacosaurus (basal ceratopsian) have quill like feathers and melanosomes