Week 3: Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of rocks

A
  1. igneous
  2. metamorphic
  3. sedimentary
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2
Q

how are rocks distinguished

A

through minerology and texture

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3
Q

igneous rocks

A
  • formed from magma that originated in deep earth and moved up toward the surface
  • magma either erupts on the surface creating a volcanic eruption (extrusion) or stalls below the surface (intrusion)
  • minerals are eroded and carried down rivers and deposited in layers as sediment
    this occurs in low gradient rivers, valleys, lake and oceans
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4
Q

sediment

A
  1. rocks (and minerals)
  2. living things (shells, wood, bones)
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5
Q

lithification

A

process of compacting and cementing

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6
Q

sedimentary rocks

A

sediments pile up, the earlier sediments are buried deeper, and are subject to high overburden pressure, becoming more compacted. Various chemical changes take place cementing the particles together forming a sedimentary rock.

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7
Q

metamorphic rocks

A

sedimentary and/or igneious rocks that are buried deeper and undergo chemical change and higher pressure

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8
Q

metamorphism

A

chemical change, higher temperature and greater pressure changes an ingnious/sedimentary rock into a metamorphic rock

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9
Q

look at rock cycle

A

slide 14 week 2

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10
Q

what type of rocks preserve dino fossil

A

sedimentary- perfect temperature and amount of pressure for fossilization.
Igneous- too hot for bones to survive, fossil will only work if its ash that covers the bones.
Metamorphic- too much pressure will break the bone.

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11
Q

What happens after death: quick burial

A

dino dies
replacement and/or permineralization
nearly complete specimen exposed (dug up)

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12
Q

What happens after death: dismemberment before burial

A

dino dies
dismemberment before burial, scavenging and other natural processes
isolated bones buried and mineralized
isolated bones exposed (dug up)

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13
Q

types of sedimentary rock

A

low energy= clay/shale/mudstone
medium energy(medium movement of rocks/pebbles)= sand stone
high energy(high movement, larger rocks and not smooth looking)= conglomerate

low energy better for preserving bones as high energy would break them done

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14
Q

what terrestrial environments preserve fossils

A

on land
quiet water- low energy to preserve bones
rapid burial- mud slide/shore of lake
low energy

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15
Q

Layers of the earth (3)

A
  1. crust- layer closest to the surface
  2. mantle- second layer
  3. core- center layer (inner and outer core)
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16
Q

lithosphere

A

rigid crust and upper mantle
brittle rock, if force is put on it it will snap not bend

broken into number of large plates (tectonic plates) and many more smaller plates that move on the ductile athenosphere

17
Q

asthenosphere

A

partially molten or deforms fluidly like plastic under pressure, becomes ‘bendy’

18
Q

3 type of boundaries where plates interact

A
  1. convergent- come together, one plate moves on top of the other
  2. Divergent- plates move apart from eachother, a new crust is formed
  3. transform- plates move side to side
19
Q

subduction

A

when one plate goes under the other, pressure will build, rock will get stuck and then earth quake happens

20
Q

what where the plates like during the Mesozoic era?

A

early triassic- all continents were together, called pangea. Sea level is low.

late jurassic- slowly splitting apart

late cretaceous- all continents are split. Sea level is high