Week 12: Ornithischians II

Question 1

cerapoda dinosaurs

Answer 1

1. ceratopsia
2. pachycephalosauria
3. marginocephalia

Question 2

pachycephalosauria dome function

Answer 2

very dense dome skulls, used as active defense and for fighting for mates.
1. Brain oriented away from impact zone and strong neck muscles= head bangers
2. blood vessels in the skull and development during maturity= sexual dimorphism and display

Question 3

pachycepalosauria feeding

Answer 3

leaf shaped teeth, big gut for fermentation

Question 4

ceratopsia

Answer 4

horned faces, quadrupedal, skull with narrow beak, frill and horns

Question 5

basal ceratopsain

Answer 5

hooked beak with a rostral bone, quadrupedal, herbaviore

Question 6

protoceratop

Answer 6

big skull and big frill

Question 7

evolution of ceratopsian

Answer 7

increased body size, post orbital horns, nasal horns, larger/more diverse frill, dental battery

stance is still controversial if they were upright or sprawling stance

Question 8

frill function

Answer 8

defensive
display
species recognition
thermoregulation
all of the above?

Question 9

Ornithopods

Answer 9

quadrupedal and bipedal, 3 toed, ornithischians including iguanadon and hadrosaurs

Question 10

major ornithopod groups

Answer 10

iguanadon
hadrosaur

basal ornithopods were bipedal, dervived ones were quadrupedal
All had long stiff tails, broad beaks and dental batteries

Question 11

iguanadon feet and hands

Answer 11

symmetrically 3 toed feet
conical thumb spike, digits 2-5 had hooves and an opposable pinky

Question 12

hadrosaur hands and feet

Answer 12

symmetrically 3 toed feet
Lost digit 1 one hands, 5 was too small to be opposable, had hooves on digit 2-4= quadraped

Question 13

ornithopod diet and feeding

Answer 13

twigs, berries, angiosperms and hard plant material. Big chewers

Question 14

hadrosaur crest

Answer 14

cranial crest for a combo of sexual selection and communication. Could of had flaps and colour.