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FINAL - SOC224 > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 assumptions are Psychological Theories of Deviance & Crime based on?

A
  1. Assumption of offender deficit
  2. Assumption of discriminating traits
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2
Q

Which two personality traits are offenders more likely to have compared to non-offenders?

A

Impulsivity, Aggression

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3
Q

What does the assumption of offender deficit mean?

A

Something is psychologically wrong with the offender

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4
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder is an example of which assumption?

A

Assumption of offender deficit

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5
Q

What is known as the “pleasure principle?”

A

Id

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6
Q

Are people born with the id, ego, or superego?

A

Id

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7
Q

“If it feels good, do it” represents which aspect of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory?

A

Id

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8
Q

The Id is compulsive, ____________ and pleasure _____________.

A

unconscious; seeking

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9
Q

Which aspect of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory keeps us in check?

A

Superego

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10
Q

Which aspect of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory do we learn through socialization?

A

Superego

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11
Q

Which aspect of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory do societal norms represent?

A

Superego

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12
Q

“Wait your turn” describe which aspect of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory?

A

Superego

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13
Q

The superego consists of internalized _________ restraints.

A

Societal

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14
Q

The ego balances the _____ and ______________ in cognitive, _______________ thought.

A

Id; Superego; conscious

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15
Q

Having a healthy ego equals a healthy _____________.

A

personality

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16
Q

According to Freud’s stages of Psychosexual Development, we are born with a ______ __________ but the ____________ of it changes as we grow up.

A

sex drive; focus

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17
Q

What are the 5 stages of Freud’s psychosexual development?

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latent
  5. Genital
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18
Q

Which stage does potty training occur?

A

Anal

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19
Q

Which stage is related to breastfeeding?

A

Oral

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20
Q

Who is considered a “bad mother” in the oral stage?

A

One who doesn’t respond to her hungry child

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21
Q

What is the “ideal mother” in the oral stage?

A

“Kind” presentation of breast feeding (hold baby close, speak softly, wrap in blanket…)

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22
Q

What is the term used in the oral stage to reference a mother who is not bad nor ideal?

A

“Good enough mothering”

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23
Q

In the Anal stage, when/why does anxious personality arise?

A

If parents did not adequately help child to work through frustrations of toilet training

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24
Q

What do you begin learning in the Phallic stage?

A

Stimulating the genital area produces satisfaction

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25
Q

Which stage is the most controversial of Freud’s psychosexual development stages?

A

Phallic

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26
Q

Which stage occurs from age 3-6?

A

Phallic

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27
Q

What does Oedipus Complex refer to, according to Freud?

A

Young boys fantasies about killing their father & taking their mothers as objects of their sexual desire

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28
Q

At what stage does Oedipus Complex possibly* occur?

A

Phallic

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29
Q

Deviant behaviour can result from the Id being too _________ or the superego being ______________.

A

strong; underdeveloped

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30
Q

According to the Psychoanalytic Theory & Female Deviance, women suffer from “________ ________.”

A

penis envy

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31
Q

T/F : Psychoanalytic treatment aimed at helping women accept their appropriate sex roles as a wife + mother.

A

T

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32
Q

T/F : Psychoanalyti treatment want to help women see that they have more power than men.

A

F

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33
Q

Psychoanalytic treatment aimed at helping a woman accept her _________________ status.

A

secondary

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34
Q

T/F : All criminals suffer from guilt or anxiety.

A

F

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35
Q

According to the gender bias critque of Psychoanalytic theories, women’s deviance is ____________ while men’s is much more ___________.

A

minor; damaging

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36
Q

What are the 3 criticism of Psychoanalytic Theories?

A
  1. Gender Bias
  2. Unscientific
  3. Tautological (goes in circles)
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37
Q

T/F : You can get Psychoanalytic treatment in NA.

A

F

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38
Q

The Evolutionary Theory of Deviance suggest we are all driven to ensure the ___________ of our _________ material.

A

survival; genetic

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39
Q

“Women have successfully chosen aggressive men” represents what theory of deviance?

A

Evolutionary

40
Q

According to the Evolutionary Theory of Deviance, what has led men to become more aggressive than women?

A

Women seeking out men who are big and tough and can protect her + her child

41
Q

According to Forensic Evolutionary Psychology, why are men more aggressive and antisocial?

A

Because they need to compete with other men to increase their mating opportunities + survival

42
Q

Today men are more likely to be ____________ and __________ compared to women in the Criminal Justice System.

A

aggressive; violent

43
Q

According to Forensic Evolutionary Psychology, why are women less aggressive and risk taking than men?

A

Because they need to take care of their children

44
Q

What are the 3 criticisms of Evolutionary Theory?

A
  1. Normalizes, legitimatizes and excuses deviant behaviour
  2. Suggests deviant behaviour is predetermined
  3. Hypothetical + difficult to test since it’s based on early humans
45
Q

What age does the Preconventional Stage of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development occur?

A

3-7

46
Q

What 2 morals make up Kohlberg’s Preconventional Stage of Moral Development?

A
  1. Avoid punishment
  2. Obtain rewards
47
Q

What stage is someone in if they have the desire to obey / conform to social norms?

A

Preconventional

48
Q

“Just because she is dying does not give her husband the right to steal medication” would be a comment made by someone in the _________ stage.

A

Preconventional

49
Q

What are the 2 morals in Kohlberg’s Conventional Stage of Moral Development?

A
  1. Belong and be accepted
  2. Obey rules and regulationis
50
Q

“It is not okay lawfully, but I guess it is better than her dying” would be a comment made in the ______________ stage.

A

Conventional

51
Q

“Yes and no” references which of Kohlberg’s stages?

A

Conventional

52
Q

What ages does the Conventional stage occur?

A

8-13

53
Q

What would a young teenage think of a husband stealing the cure for his wife’s terminal cancer?

A

They would possibly see why he did it, but they would still think it is not right

54
Q

What are the 2 morals that make up Kohlberg’s Post-conventional Stage of Moral Development?

A
  1. Make and keep promises
  2. Live moral imperatives
55
Q

At what stage would someone judge a husband stealing medication for his wife’s terminal cancer unilaterally wrong and right?

A

Preconventional

56
Q

One criticism of Kohlberg’s Theory on Moral Development is that there is no theory as to why some people get stick in the ___________________ stage.

A

preconventional

57
Q

Women are more _____-oriented in making social decisions while men are more _______-oriented.

A

care; justice

58
Q

T/F : Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development addresses possible reasons for delayed moral development.

A

F

59
Q

Does a lower level of moral reasoning predispose all individuals to offend?

A

Unknown

60
Q

One criticism of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development is that it does not clarify ____________________________________________.

A

whether a lower level of moral reasoning predisposes all individuals to offend

61
Q

According to the Cognitive Information-Processing Theory, behaviour is a result of a 3 step thought process. What is step 1?

A

Encode / interpret the situation

62
Q

According to the Cognitive Information-Processing Theory, behaviour is a result of a 3 step thought process. What is step 2?

A

Search for best response

63
Q

According to the Cognitive Information-Processing Theory, behaviour is a result of a 3 step thought process. What is step 3?

A

Act on decision

64
Q

In step 1 of the Cognitive Information-Processing Theory, behaviour is heavily reliant on how we __________ a situation.

A

interpret

65
Q

________________ the situation sets forth a series of deviant actions.

A

Misinterpreting

66
Q

Aggressivity may be the result of using _________ incorrectly when making decisions.

A

information

67
Q

What is a script?

A

A predetermined, stereotypes sequence of actions that define a well-known situation

68
Q

What 3 things make criminal scripts different from scripts?

A
  1. Goal of looking for criminal opportunities
  2. Criminally-motivated perceptions
  3. Self-serving cognitions to justify their actions
69
Q

What part of a criminal script does the following represent: believing that an open purse sitting in an abandoned cart in the grocery store makes it okay to steal their wallet.

A

Self-serving cognitions to justify actions

70
Q

A mental, behavioural, or emotional disorder that results in functional impairement which substaintially interfere with or limits one more major life activity is referred to as?

A

Serious mental illness

71
Q

_____% of adults have a mental disorder in any given year.

A

20

72
Q

By age 40, ____% of Canadians have had a mental disorder at some point in their lives.

A

50

73
Q

What percent of Canadians will have had a mental disorder at some point in their lives by age 90?

A

65-70%

74
Q

What is the most common mental disorders? (Hint: there are 2)

A

Mood & Anxiety Disorders

75
Q

What is the second most common mental disorder?

A

Substance Use Disorders

76
Q

What is the third most common mental disorder?

A

Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

77
Q

Which mental disorder does 6% of the population have?

A

Substance Use Disorder

78
Q

What percent of the population suffers from mood & anxiety disorders?

A

~12%

79
Q

Less than 1% of the population is diagnosed with _________________.

A

Schizophrenia

80
Q

Schizophrenia may cause bizarre or non-bizarre _____________.

A

delusions

81
Q

What is the symptom of schizophrenia that describes frequent derailment of language or incoherent communication?

A

Disorganized speech

82
Q

For someone to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia, they must have continuous disturbance for ____ months.

A

6

83
Q

Which 2 symptoms of psychosis are most common?

A
  1. Hallucinations
  2. Delusions
84
Q

“Someone is out to get me” describes which type of delusion?

A

Paranoid

85
Q

Which delusion is most common?

A

Paranoid

86
Q

“Someone is watching me” describes which type of delusion?

A

Paranoid

87
Q

During a grandeur delusion, we believe we are something __________ than what we are.

A

bigger

88
Q

Which delusion is most often present in the manic stage of Bipolar Disorder?

A

Grandeur

89
Q

At what age are men most commonly diagnosed with Schizophrenia?

A

18

90
Q

At what age are women most commonly diagnosed with Schizophrenia?

A

28

91
Q

Many individuals who are experiencing delusions get feelings of _____.

A

fear

92
Q

Genetics account for ____% of the risk of developing Schizophrenia.

A

50

93
Q

Etiology of Schizeophrenia is effected by ___________ nutrition.

A

maternal

94
Q

First and second generation immigrants are at a higher risk of developing _______________.

A

Psychosis / Schizophrenia

95
Q

Mothers who experience death of a close relative during their first trimester are at a higher risk of experiencing which disorder?

A

Psychosis / Schizophrenia

96
Q

Perinatal complications, including exposure to toxins, can cause what disorder?

A

Psychosis / Schizophrenia

97
Q

________ disorders are caused by gender, age, abuse, isolation, and stress, to name a few.

A

Affective

FINAL - SOC224 (5 decks)

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