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FINAL - SOC224 > Week 11 + 12 > Flashcards

Week 11 + 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug use is much safer after the age of _____.

A

25

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2
Q

What age did Canada originally want the legal age of drug use to be?

A

25

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3
Q

One area of concern for drug use in youth is the increase in recreational use of ________ medication.

A

ADHD

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4
Q

What over-the-counter medication is increasingly being used for non-medicinal purposes?

A

Cough + cold medications

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5
Q

What is the biggest drug of concern?

A

Alcohol

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6
Q

Which drug does not get the same media attention as the rest?

A

Alcohol

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7
Q

1% of Ontario youth reported illicit ________ use in the last year.

A

opioid

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8
Q

Relative to other countries, cannabis use in Canada is very ______.

A

high

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9
Q

What age range has the highest use of cannabis?

A

16-25

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10
Q

Overall, who uses cannabis the most?

A

Men

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11
Q

How does testing waste water determine drug use in population?

A

If drugs are consumed, bowel movements will release “ingredients” from drugs

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12
Q

When waste water was tested in 2019, Edmonton had relatively ______ drug usage compared to other Canadian cities.

A

low

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13
Q

Determining cannabis as NOT a performance enhancing drug at the Olympics has aided in the ____________ of drug use in youth.

A

normalizing

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14
Q

What is the most used illicit drug in Canada?

A

Hallucinogens

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15
Q

What is the second and third most used illicit drug in Canada?

A
  1. Cocaine / crack
  2. Ecstasy
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16
Q

What are the top 3 cities in Canada that have the most crack cocaine in their wast water?

A
  1. Halifax
  2. Montreal
  3. Edmonton
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17
Q

Edmonton is the top city in Canada for which drug found in waste water?

A

Meth

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18
Q

What percent of Canadians, aged 18+, reported using some form of opioids in the past 5 years?

A

30%

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19
Q

What are the top 2 cities associated with illicit morphine use?

A
  1. Vancouver
  2. Edmonton
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20
Q

Post-COVID, deaths associated with fentanyl __________ drastically.

A

increased

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21
Q

Until recently, there has been poor _________ regarding anti-drug use in youth.

A

education

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22
Q

Anti-drug campaigns such as “Just Say No” actually ________ drug use.

A

increased

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23
Q

What did campaigns such as DARE or Brain On Drugs not address?

A

The cause of drug use

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24
Q

Historical anti-drug use campaigns used ___________ approaches.

A

behavioural

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25
Q

Which country had the most succesfful anti-drug use educational campaign targeting youth?

A

Austrailia

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26
Q

If we social type the Stoner Sloth campaign, what was the description?

A

Stoner Sloth

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27
Q

If we social type the Stoner Sloth campaign, what was the evaluation? (name 2)

A

Dumb, slow, antisocial, unmotivated, lacking ambition

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28
Q

If we social type the Stoner Sloth campaign, what was the prescription? (name 2)

A

Shaming, abandonment, teasing

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29
Q

The Stoner Sloth campaign was successful because of its use of _____-_____ scenerios.

A

real-life

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30
Q

T/F : The Stoner Sloth campaign was oppressive.

A

F

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31
Q

What is the #1 drug that brings people to rehab?

A

Alcohol

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32
Q

What are the two second most common drugs to bring people to rehab?

A

Cocaine + Cannabis

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33
Q

What is the third most common drug to bring people to rehab?

A

Opioids

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34
Q

T/F : Many people in rehab have an addiction to only one substance.

A

F

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35
Q

_________ + __________ is a common concurrent disorder found in rehab.

A

Alcohol + cocaine

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36
Q

What are the 4 categories of Substance Use Disorder as laid out in the DSM?

A
  1. Impaired control
  2. Social problems
  3. Risky use
  4. Physical dependence
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37
Q

What category of SUD is described by wanting to control your use, but you cannot.

A

Impaired control

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38
Q

Which category of SUD has you neglecting your responsibilities and relationships?

A

Social problems

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39
Q

Which type of social problems do those with a substance use disorder often have that push them to entering rehab? (Hint: there are 2)

A

Problems at workplace or with loved ones

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40
Q

If you drink and drive regularly, you are considered in which category of SUD?

A

Risky use

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41
Q

Physical dependence on substances mean you need more of the substance to ______________________.

A

Get the same effect

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42
Q

Needing more of a substance to get the same effect is referred to as?

A

Tolerance

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43
Q

Tolerance + withdrawal symptoms are seen in which category of SUD?

A

Physical dependence

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44
Q

If someone is giving up activities they used to care about because of their substance use, they are in which category?

A

Social problems

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45
Q

What are 4 ways to reduce addiction rates?

A
  1. Decriminalization
  2. Safer supply
  3. Social determinants
  4. Chronic pain management programs
46
Q

Why is a safer supply of drugs required to reduce addiction rates?

A

Because methadone does not work for everyone

47
Q

Seeing drug use as being deviant is an example of social ________.

A

control

48
Q

Medicalizing, deviantizing, and criminalizing drug use are measures of __________ __________.

A

Social control

49
Q

How is drug use medicalized?

A

By determining drug misuse as a health problem

50
Q

How is drug use deviantized?

A

By determining drug use sinful

51
Q

In 1986, Canada’s drug problem reached __________ level.

A

epidemic

52
Q

The goal of The War on Drugs Campaign in Canada was to reduce the ________ and _________.

A

supply; demand

53
Q

Between 1985-2002, ___________ and __________ use doubled in Canada.

A

Cannabis; Cocaine

54
Q

In 2002, Canada had the 4th highest use of ______________ ________________.

A

Prescription narcotics

55
Q

In what year was “mandatory minimums” introduced as an anti-drug strategy?

A

2007

56
Q

What was the absurdity of the 1980s War on Drugs?

A

Introducing a program to complete one goal but having the opposite occur

57
Q

Who did the War on Drugs benefit?

A

Drug cartels

58
Q

The War on Drugs resulted in a war on _________ rather than the ____________.

A

users; suppliers

59
Q

Most individuals who were incriminated during the War on Drugs were _______ _________.

A

drug users

60
Q

The War on Drugs is also known as the War on the ____________.

A

Vulnerable

61
Q

The War on Drugs disproportionately criminalized ________________ people and _________ Canadians.

A

Indigenous; Black

62
Q

What is the Medicalization Approach to drug use?

A

Adopting a disease model of addiction

63
Q

What describes policies or practices that aim to reduce risks of harm associated with the use of psychoactive substances?

A

Harm Reduction Approach

64
Q

Which approach acknowledges that abstinence is not always a realistic goal?

A

Harm Reduction Approach

65
Q

When the Harm Reduction Approach is used, goals are determined based on one’s individual ________ and circumstances.

A

needs

66
Q

Why did the first syringe exchange program originate?

A

Due to the sharing of needles that spread HIV

67
Q

In what year was medicinal cannabis introduced?

A

2000

68
Q

In 2003, INSITE opened. What was this?

A

The first legal supervised injection site

69
Q

After INSITE was opened in 2003, what 2 things decreased?

A
  1. Deaths
  2. Syringe-littering
70
Q

What was the presciption heroin program called that was introduced in 2005?

A

NAOMI

71
Q

NAOMI resulted in less ___________ and _________.

A

overdoses; crime

71
Q

Which program that originally was established in 2005 to assist with the safe distribution of heroin, has been reintroduced in BC?

A

NAOMI

72
Q

In what year was cannabis legalized in Canada?

A

2018

73
Q

What does legalizing cannabis mean?

A
  • Licensing cannabis dealer
  • Can collect taxes
74
Q

What does “decriminalization” of drugs mean?

A
  • No longer getting criminal record
  • Still bought from illegal sellers
  • Drugs are still extracted by law enforcement + individuals are fined in small amounts
75
Q

Since Portugal introduced _____________, their deaths related to street drugs has significant lowered compared to the rest of the EU.

A

Decriminalization

76
Q

Which country has experienced successful results of decriminalization?

A

Portugal

77
Q

What is the police officer, Bill Blair, known for in Canada?

A

Being the first police officer to publicly admit racial profiling is a problem in Canada (2018)

78
Q

When was the legacy of the NAOMI program reopened in BC?

A

2021

79
Q

The legacy of the NAOMI program in BC is called __________________________,

A

Access to Prescribed Safer Supply

80
Q

Craig Reinarman (1997) declared there to be ____ stages of the social construction of drug scares.

A

7

81
Q

According to Reinarman’s first stage, why should we be scared about cannabis?

A

If one has a pre-existing risk of developing a psychotic disorder + they use cannabis it will invoke the psychotic disorder

82
Q

A Kernal of _______ is Craig Reinarman’s first stage of the social construction of drug scares.

A

Truth

83
Q

Cannabis, for most people, is fairly _________.

A

benign

84
Q

Reinarman’s second stage is _______ Magnification.

A

Media

85
Q

In 1969, who connected marijuana to violence and ordered last minute to call off the decriminalization of small amounts of drugs?

A

Law enforcement

86
Q

Which drug was linked with communism in 1969?

A

Cannabis

87
Q

Who benefited from crimiinalizing cannabis in 1969? (Hint: there are 4)

A
  1. Law enforcement officers
  2. Pharmaceutical companies
  3. Companies concerned about their workers
  4. Politicians
88
Q

What was referred to as the “law without a problem?”

A

Criminalization of cannabus

89
Q

Farmers originally used _______ plants to protect their crops from the wind.

A

Cannabis

90
Q

In the early 1900s, there was a fear that with _______ illegal, people would turn to ___________.

A

opioids; cannabis

91
Q

The Opium Act of 1908 strictly prohibited opium that was _____________________.

A

prepared for smooking

92
Q

How was the Opium Act of 1908 a racist law?

A

Only the Chinese community was smoking opium

93
Q

Stage 6 of Craig Reinarman’s stages of drug scares is having a drug use linked to a dangerous ________.

A

class

94
Q

Chinese people were linked to ________ smoking and hippies were linked to _________.

A

opium; marijuana

95
Q

Who were linked with single mothers?

A

Alcoholic husbands

96
Q

___________ moms were linked with drug use.

A

Welfare

97
Q

Stage 7 of Reinarman’s drug scare stages is ___________ a drug for a public problem.

A

Scapegoating

98
Q

How is youth unemployment described in terms of being a drug problem rather a public problem?

A

Thinking that youth are not working due to drug use rather than there being a lack of jobs

99
Q

At the beginning of Dr. Bruce Alexander’s “Rat Park Studies,” what was the common thought surrounding drugs?

A

That drugs were what caused addiction

100
Q

Was the result of Dr. Bruce Alexander’s study question, “Depending on social isolation, would the drug consumption of rats be different?”? (Hint: determine Yes/No, then describe WHY)

A
  • Yes
  • The park with only one rat used the drug solution continuously, most often until it died
  • The park with a family of rats would try the drug solution + then return to drinking the water solution
101
Q

What did Dr. Bruce Alexander determine contributed to becoming addicted to heroine? (Hint: there are 5, name at least 3)

A

Social ostracism, stress, isolation, marginalization, trauma

102
Q

In what study was it found that drugs fill the “hole” of feeling isolated and stressed?

A

Rat Park Studies

103
Q

In Dr. Bruce Alexander’s study, “Rat Park Studies,” if heroin itself was the only problem that caused addictions, then both the rats in both conditions would have __________________.

A

used solely the heroin dispenser

104
Q

Individuals not integrated into society were perceived as _________.

A

threats

105
Q

Imprisoning those who used drugs was based on the motive to _____________________________.

A

remove them / the threat from society

106
Q

Medicalization techniques for drug use attempted to ____________ individuals.

A

reintegrate

107
Q

Medicalization techniques sought to locate the cause of __________ within the individual who used substances.

A

addiction

108
Q

Illicit drug trade it global, national, and provincial and is impossible to _________.

A

eradicate

109
Q

Decriminalizing and medicalizing drugs move the issue from federal control to ____________ control.

A

provincial

FINAL - SOC224 (5 decks)

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