Week 9 Flashcards
Four D’s
Disorder
Disease
Disability
Difference
Disorder
patterns of behaviour or psychological symptoms that impact multiple areas of life
neurodevelopmental disorder: result of factors that affect typical growth or development of brain + NS
Disease
particular distinctive process in the body with a specific cause and characteristic symptoms
not applied to neurodevelopment or psychiatric conditions
Disability
CDC: any condition of the body or mind (impairment) that makes it more difficult for the person with the condition to do certain activities
Difference/neurodivergence
neurological or cognitive differences are to be recognised and respected as any other human variation
challenges assumption that neurodevelopmental conditions are medical disorders that always need to be prevented, treated or cured
Mental illness
health problem significantly affecting how a person feels, thinks, behaves and interacts with other people
Neurodevelopmental disorder
Set of behaviours arising as a result of factors affecting typical growth or brain/NS development
first seen in infancy or early childhood
assumed to be stable over time (life long)
Neurodevelopment disorders result from
intrauterine environment
extrauterine environment
genetics
commonly used tools for diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders
presenting concerns
developmental history
cognitive assessment
speech and language assessment
parent or teacher questionnaires
adaptive behaviour questionnaires (level of disability/impairment)
ASD social communication/interaction impairments
verbal language
non verbal language
social interaction
ASD restricted/stereotyped behaviours and interests
mannerisms
restricted interests
complex behaviours and routines
ASD non-diagnostic features
sensory features
motor features
GI
Differentiate ASD from
global developmental delay
trauma
ADHD
ASD diagnosis symptom criteria
deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities
symptoms must be present in early developmental period
combination of symptoms significantly impair daily functioning
ADHD diagnosis
on two criteria: hyperactivity and inattention
ADHD treatment and support
behavioural therapies: parenting strategies; social strategies; skill development; anxiety management
Medication: sleep disturbance (melatonin); hyperactivity/inattention (stimulants), anxiety medication, aggression and irritability (risperidone)
speech pathology
occupational therapy: fine and gross motor
Heterogeneity in research protocols
usually case vs control design
may not measure comorbidities as part of design
may exclude children with comorbidities
focus only on one or two aspects of cognitions
RDoC
bottom up
genetics (genetic variation)
neurobiology (connections, receptors, neurotransmitters; biological systems)
environment (neural modules)
behaviours and symptoms (domains of psycho-pathology)
diagnosis (clinical syndromes)
HiTOP
top down
super spectra: higher order demensions
spectra: somatoform; internalising; thought disorder; disinhibited/externalising; antagonistic/externalising; detachment
subfactors: sexual problems, eating pathology, fear, distress, mania, substance abuse, antisocial behaviour
syndromes/disorders: diagnoses
components: symptom components and maladaptive traits
symptoms: signs and symptoms
