week 9

Question 1

what is the theoretical limit of ipv4

Answer 1

32 bit space has a theoretical limit of 4.3 billion devices

Question 2

what is the practical limit of ipv4

Answer 2

250 million devices

Question 3

how many ip addresses does ipv6 have

Answer 3

340 undecillion addresses

Question 4

what are the reasons for transiting to the ipv6 address space

Answer 4

• -> depletion of ipv4 address space
• -> issues with network address translation
• -> increasing internet population and the age of IOT

Question 5

ipv6 fixes the limitations of ipv4 and includes additional enhancements such as ________________

Answer 5

icmpv6

Question 6

internet started with ______________ connectivity for any applications

Answer 6

end to end

Question 7

what are the benefits of ipv6

Answer 7

• -> expanded addressing capabilities
• -> structured hierarchy to manage routing table growth
• -> serverless autoconfig and reconfig
• -> streamlined header format and flow identification
• -> improved support for extensions

Question 8

what are 3 advanced features of ipv6

Answer 8

• -> quality of service
• -> security
• -> mobility (more efficient and robust mechanisms)

Question 9

what are 3 migration techniques for ipv4 and ipv6 coexistence

Answer 9

• -> dual stack
• -> tunneling
• -> translation

Question 10

what is dual stack

Answer 10

allows ipv4 and ipv6 to exist on the same network

devices run both ipv4 and ipv6 protocols simultaneously

Question 11

what is tunneling

Answer 11

• -> it is a method of transporting ipv6 packets over an ipv4 network
• -> the ipv6 packet is encapsulated inside an ipv4 packert

Question 12

what is translation

Answer 12

the NAT64 allows ipv6 enabled devices to communicate with ipv4 enabled devices using a translation technique similar to NAT for ipv4. An ipv6 packet is translated to an ipv4 packet and vice versa.

Question 13

characteristics of ipv6

Answer 13

• -> 128 bits long and written as a string of hexadecimal digits
• -> Each hexadecimal digit represents 4 bits so there are 32 hexadcimal digits
• -> 8 hextets separated by “:”
• -> each hextet is 16 bits / 4 hexadecimal digits long

Question 14

ipv6 does not use _________________-

Answer 14

dotted decimal subnet mask notation

Question 15

what are the 3 types of addresses ipv6 has

Answer 15

unicast
multicast
anycast

Question 16

what is unicast

Answer 16

–> uniquely identifies an interface on an ipv6 enabled device

–> a packet sent to a unicast device is received by the interface that is assigned to that address

Question 17

what is multicast

Answer 17

• -> single ipv6 packet is sent to multiple destinations
• -> identifies a group of interfaces
• -> reserved address range starting FF00::0/8

Question 18

what is anycast

Answer 18

• -> it is a unicast address assigned to multiple devices.
• -> packet sent to an anycast address is routed to the nearest device having that address
• -> reserved address range starting from FF00::0/8