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network administration > week 10 > Flashcards

week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of the transport layer

A

–> it is the link between the application layers and the lower layers that are responsible for network transmission

–> The transport layer is responsible for establishing a temporary communication session between 2 applications and delivering data between them.

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2
Q

what are the 2 protocols the transport layer uses to deliver data between applications

A
  • -> transmission control protocol (TCP)

- -> User datagram protocol (UDP)

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3
Q

what are the primary responsibilities of the transport layer protocols

A

–> tracking the individual communications between applications on the source and destination hosts

–> segmenting data for manageability and reassembling segmented data into streams of application data at the destination

–> identifying the proper application for each communication stream

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4
Q

the transport layer is the link between the application layer and the which is responsible for _____________

A

network transmission

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5
Q

what is conversation multiplexing

A
  • -> the transport layer divides the data into segments that are easier to manage and transport
  • -> multiple applications can use the network at the same time
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6
Q

why is the data in the transport layer broken into segments

A
  • -> easier to manage and transport
  • -> allows for conversation multiplexing
  • -> facilitates data transport by the lower network layers
  • -> error checking can be performed on the data in the segment to check if the segment is changed during transmission
  • -> the transport layer also ensures that with multiple applications running on a device, all applications receive the correct device
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7
Q

characteristics of transmission control protocol (TCP)

A
  • -> provides reliable delivery by retransmitting lost of corrupt data
  • -> makes larger demands on the network (more overhead)
  • -> connection oriented protocol - creates a session between source and destination
  • -> it is a stateful protocol as it tracks the session
  • -> provides for flow control as it regulates the amount of data transmitted
  • -> ordered data reconstruction which reconstructs ordering and sequencing of segments
  • -> uses acknowledged delivery and other processes to ensure delivery
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8
Q

characteristics of UDP

A
  • -> provides teh basic functions for delivery
  • -> connectionless
  • -> unreliable data
  • -> no ordered data reconstruction
  • -> no flow control
  • -> stateless protocol
  • -> less overhead
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9
Q

how do application developers choose between TCP and UDP?

A

–> since there is a trade-off between reliability and the burden it places on the network, developers choose based on the requirements of their application

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10
Q

what are the required properties for streaming video / ip telephony

A
  • -> fast
  • -> low overhead
  • -> does not require acknowledgements
  • -> does not resend lost data
  • -> delivers data as it arrives
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11
Q

what are the required protocol properties for smtp/pop or http

A
  • -> reliable
  • -> acknowledge data
  • -> resends lost data
  • -> delivers data in order sent
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12
Q

what do tcp and udp use to differentiate between applications

A

port numbers

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13
Q

what is a socket

A

–> a combination of source and destination ip addresses and source and destination port numbers is called socket

–> used to identify the server and service which is requested by the client

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14
Q

what is a socket pair

A
  • -> consists of source and destination ip addresses and port numbers
  • -> it is unique and identifies the specific conversation between 2 hosts
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15
Q

_________ assigns the port numbers

A

internet assigned numbers authority

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16
Q

what are the 3 types of ports

A
  • -> well known ports
  • -> registered ports
  • -> dynamic / private ports
17
Q

what is a well known port

A
  • -> ports with numbers (0 to 1023)
  • -> reserved for commonly used services and applications
  • -> eg are HTTP, SMTP, TELNET
18
Q

what are registered port numbers

A
  • -> numbers are from 1024 to 49151
  • -> assigned to user processes or applications
  • -> primarily individual applications user has chosen to install
19
Q

what are dynamic / private ports

A
  • -> numbers from 49152 to 65535

- -> assigned dynamically to client applications when a client initiates connection to a service

20
Q

what is the TCP 3 way handshake

A
  • -> the initiating client requests a client to server communication session with the server (SYN)
  • -> the server acknowledges the client server communication session and requests a server to client communication session (SYN ACK)
  • -> the initiating client acknowledges the server to client communication session (ACK)
21
Q

what are the fields that contain control information within TCP segment header

A

ACK => acknowledgement field significant
RST => reset the connection
SYN => synchronize sequence numbers
FIN => No more data from the sender

22
Q

what are the steps in TCP session termination

A

–> when the client has no more data to send in the stream, it sends a segment with the FIN flag set

–> the server sends an ACK to acknowledge the receipt of the FIN to terminate the session from client to server

–> the server sends a FIN to the client, to terminate the server to client session

–> the client responds with ACK to acknowledge the FIN from the server

23
Q

why are segments resequenced in tcp

A
  • -> segments may arrive at their destination out of order

- -> the data in these segments are reassembled into the original order using sequence numbers

24
Q

___________ and ____________ are used to confirm the receipt

A

acknowledgment(ACK) and sequence number(SEQ)

25
Q

what is exceptional acknowledgment

A

TCP uses the ACK number sent back to the source to indicate the next byte that the receiver expects to receive

26
Q

what is the window size

A

amount of data that a source can transmit before an acknowledgment must be received

27
Q

how does TCP provide flow control

A

–> it does this by adjusting the rate of data flow between source and destination of a given session

28
Q

how does TCP decide the amount of data segments in bytes that the destination device can accept

A

it does this by using window size field in TCP header during 3 way handshake

29
Q

what does TCP do in case of limited buffer memory

A

it sends a smaller window size value to the source as part of an acknowledgment to reduce window size

30
Q

how does tcp handle segment loss

A

when source host does not receive an acknowledgment after a predetermined amount of time, it retransmits segments from the last ACK number received

31
Q

what types of applications should use UDP

A
  • -> tolerate small loss of data

- -> cannot tolerate delay

32
Q

UDP is a simple protocol that provides _____________-

A

basic transport layer function

33
Q

what protocols use TCP

A 
Telnet 
ftp 
http 
smtp 
dns
34
Q

what protocols use UDP

A 
DNS 
TFTP 
VoIP 
IPTV
DHCP

network administration (10 decks)

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