Week 9 Flashcards
are mental health conditions part of typical aging?
no
name 2 of the more common mental health conditions affecting older adults.
- depressive symptoms
- anxiety
the number of seniors who receive counseling or therapy is __.
low
name 7 risk factors for suicide among older adults.
- depression
- physical illness
- single or widowed
- recent death of a loved one
- drug or alcohol abuse
- terminal abuse
- previous attempts
suicide is most common among which group?
men 75 and older
describe the relationship btwn depressive symptoms and occupation.
- loss of independence in ADL/IADLs can result in depressive symptoms
- depressive symptoms can have a negative impact on ADL/IADLs.
____ is very common in early and middle stages of dementia.
depression
name 3 screenings for depressive symptoms.
- center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D)
- geriatric depression scale (GDS)
- patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9)
developed using criteria from DSM. assesses presence and severity of depression. has been used effectively with adults and older adults in home care, acute and primary care.
patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9)
which screenings for depressive symptoms are designed to be used for adults and which are used for older adults?
adults = center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D)
older adults = geriatric depression scale (GDS)
antidepressants have only modest effects for which two groups?
- those with late life onset of depression
- those with minor depression
name 5 OT interventions for depressive symptoms.
- cognitive behavioral strategies (ex: implemented in the context of short-term rehab.)
- lifestyle redesign
- reminiscence
- life review - one to one or workshop (group intervention)
- physical activity
- 8-week program, 1x/week
- intervention manual
- shared expectations and confidentiality
- chronological decade by decade review of life experiences. includes an integrative component at the end.
- includes writing tips, writing prompts, timed writing exercises, encouragements to write between sessions, opportunity to read work aloud and receive positive feedback on writing technique
- research evidence
- statistical vs. clinical significance
“share your life story” life review writing workshop
t/f - anxiety often co-exists with depression.
true
what is the most common anxiety disorder among older adults?
generalized anxiety disorder
anxiety can often be masked by ___ ___.
physical symptoms
name 3 screening tools for anxiety.
- generalized anxiety disorder-7 item scale (GAD-7)
- generalized anxiety inventory (GAI)
- geriatric anxiety inventory-short form (GAI-SF)
-tool for screening for generalized anxiety and assessing severity
generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7)
the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) asks about what duration of time for anxiety symptoms?
last 2 weeks
name 2 effective interventions for anxiety in older adults.
- cognitive behavioral strategies
- relaxation training
name 3 forms of relaxation training.
- progressive muscle relaxation
- use of imagery
- breathing exercises
name 4 additional strategies for managing anxiety.
- encourage client to seek social support
- help client to identify precipitants of anxiety
- encourage positive self-talk
- explain all activities, use calm, slow speech. avoid excessive reassurance.
- persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions
- perceived need to save items and distress associated with discarding them
- accumulation of possessions that clutter active living areas and compromise their intended use
- causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social or occupational function
- not attributed to another medical condition or disorder
hoarding disorder (HD)
T/F - HD is co-morbid with other health conditions.
true
t/f - stressful life events and childhood adversity are significantly associated with hoarding behaviors.
true
older adults with hoarding symptoms may have difficulty with which 4 cognitive capacities.
- problem solving
- categorization
- shifting set
- organization
name the screening tool for HD.
hoarding rating scale
describe treatment for HD.
combines behavioral approach (exposure) and teaching skills to support executive functioning (ex: planning, organizing, cognitive flexibility, problem solving)
name 4 “dos” of working with people with HD.
- match the client’s language (ex: “your collections”)
- use encouraging language
- highlights strengths
- focus intervention on safety and organization first
milder form of depression but persists over a longer period of time
persistent depressive disorder
mild form of depression, less severe than persistent depressive disorder
subclinical depression
how common is depression among older adults in the community?
20%-25%
how common is depression among older adults in institutional settings?
50% +
describe passive suicide behaviros.
- not eating
- not taking medications
- stopping self-care
why is it harder to diagnose depression in people with dementia?
overlap in symptoms
series of questions regarding how they felt in the past week, 20 items, designed for use with adults and older adults
CES-D
what is the period of time asked about in the CES-D?
1 week
describe scoring on the GDS - 30-item version.
0-9 = typical 10-19 = mild depressive symptoms 20-30 = severe
describe scoring on the GDS - 15-item version.
greater than 5 = probable depressive symptoms
- help people incorporate pleasant events into their day
- ex: calling a family member, playing cards, stress management techniques
cognitive behavioral strategies
- recall past events that were meaningful and pleasant in our lives
- often use objects to stimulate recall
- “do you remember”
reminiscence
- talking or writing about your life from the time you were a child until present day
- looks at life as a whole
- writing workshop
- integrative component - encouraged to think about life as a whole and about how far they have come and what they have learned and how they have evolved.
- can be a group setting or one-on-one with an individual
life review
name 2 cognitive behavioral strategies for anxiety.
- thought monitoring
- behavioral activation
-walk them through head to toe - contract and release muscles systematically
progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)
-closing your eyes and picturing yourself in a calm and soothing place
imagery
systematic efforts to achieve objectives such as changes in knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors to maintain or improve function and/or health
community programs
name 3 aspects of program planning.
- establish priorities
- diagnosing causes
- allocating resources
name 2 methods of collaborative planning.
- involves the clients
- collaboration with stakeholders
name 4 sources of funding for programs.
- grants
- private foundations
- government
- associations and civic groups
short term funding solution
grants
- a systematic set of procedures that serves to identify and describe specific areas of need and available resources in a given population
- leads to a clear set of program goals and objectives
needs assessment
-prior studies, demographic data, census data, risk factor data, often found in city, county, state, and national organizations and government bureaus
secondary data
name 6 strategies for program planning.
- consider literacy
- cultural relevance
- feasibility
- cost
- ways clients obtain information and learn
- anticipated effectiveness
- list of all information needed
- list strategies, methods, materials, and tools to be used
- develop and test needed instruments
- data collection and analysis plan
- plan to disseminate the results
evaluation plan
name the 2 levels of evaluation.
- process
- impact/outcome
name the 4 aspects of marketing.
- product
- place
- price
- promotion
name 3 aspects of sustainability for programs.
- lay led models
- booster session
- connections to other resources
people who live in the neighborhood and know what’s going on
key informants
- what we need for people to change their behavior
- have to believe they’re susceptible
- have to be exposed to knowledge or skills to help them change
- have to be confident that they can actually make a change
health belief model
name the 3 components of the health belief model.
- have to believe they’re susceptible
- have to be exposed to knowledge or skills to help them change
- have to be confident that they can actually make a change
looks at interpersonal factors, intrapersonal factors, and community level factors
ecological model
which literacy level should be used to make sure everyone is able to understand?
4th grade literacy level
lay person can lead an aspect of the programs
lay led models
follow up session 3 months after completion of the program
booster sessions
describe the time period for short-term goals.
weekly or 2 weeks
describe the time period for long-term goals.
4 weeks - 8 weeks
what is the period of time asked about in the GDS-SF screening?
past week
is the GDS-SF standardized?
yes
