Week 3 Flashcards
- long term illness
- often permanent, leaving residual disability that may require long-term management rather than a cure
chronic disease
more than what percent of older adults have at least one chronic health condition?
80%
multiple conditions occur in what percent of medicare beneficiaries?
70%
close to what percent of seniors with a chronic health condition report limitations in daily living skills?
40%
chronic diseases account for more than what percent of healthcare costs?
75%
which disease can lead to these effects on function:
- breathlessness
- managing oxygen/life of tank
- psychological implications/emotional well-being
- decrease engagement in social activities
- fatigue with showering, grooming, yard maintenance
- stair climbing limitations
- influence of weather
COPD
which disease can lead to these effects on function:
-difficulties with shopping, cleaning, heavy housework, laundry, traveling
CHF
which disease can lead to these effects on function:
-neuropathy in hands and feet, vision impairments, poor circulation leading to skin problems, ulcers, amputations
diabetes (high blood sugar levels)
which disease can lead to these effects on function:
- jittery
- weakness
- lethargy
- poor coordination
- cold and clammy
- blurred vision
diabetes (low blood sugar levels)
which disease can lead to these effects on function:
- persistent difficulty walking several blocks and climbing one flight of stairs
- difficulty with bathing, dressing, transferring, using the toilet and eating are also more common
OA
name the 3 trajectories of chronic disease in order.
- slowly accumulate functional deficits over time
- difficulty walking long distances and doing heavy housework
- progress to basic ADL difficulty and difficulty walking short distances
name 4 threats to autonomy with chronic disease.
- functional decline
- long-term care placement
- negative mindset
- professional’s attitudes
name 2 measurements of QOL.
- SF-36
- CDC HRQOL - 14
___ ___ is the ideal way for someone to manage chronic disease.
self-management
- group intervention for people with any type or number of chronic diseases
- has been modified to make it disease specific, trained healthcare professional led
- 2.5 hours/week for 6 weeks
- includes disease-related problem solving, action planning
- skills related to medication management, communication with healthcare providers, nutrition and exercises
- strong evidence to support effectiveness for improving occupational performance
stanford chronic disease self-management (CDSMP)
name 7 focuses of diabetes self-management interventions.
- healthy eating
- being active
- monitoring
- taking medications
- problem solving
- healthy coping
- reducing risks
the most promising diabetes self-management programs focus on which 4 skills?
- problem solving
- decision making
- action planning
- self-tailoring
- 6-week group-based program and an individual session to promote carry over of self-management strategies to locations of daily living
- be active! manual developed based on this program/study
- multidisciplinary team approach including OT, PT, nursing and speech
- clinical nurse specialist monitors medication adherence
Parkinson’s self-management
each Parkinson’s self-management session includes which 5 components?
- motion, flexibility, and strength exercises
- speech exercises (stretching facial muscles, strengthening muscles of vocal cords)
- functional training (getting up from bed or a chair, dressing, social communication)
- gait training (walking with external auditory cues to improve gait pattern and speed)
- group discussion
what is an important component of health management?
medication management
use of multiple medications, use of more medications than clinically indicated
polypharmacy
- clinical tool that catalogues medications that cause adverse drug events in older adults due to their pharmacologic properties and the physiological changes associated with aging
- also includes drug-disease and drug-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease
Beers Criteria
older adults are at a higher risk of which 2 nutrition related complications?
- malnutrition
- dehydration
name 7 nutritional needs of older adults.
- protein
- potassium
- calcium
- vitamin D
- dietary fiber
- vitamin B12
- nutrition supplements in select cases
name 3 meal preparation strategies for older adults.
- convenience foods with high nutritional content
- microwave-OT interventions
- meals on wheels, senior centers
name 3 strategies to improve food intake.
- physical activity
- incorporate neighbors, friends or family
- incorporate fresh herbs, increase variety
how would you treat low blood sugar levels in rehab?
- apple juice
- candies
- tablets
- actively shaping one’s life and being in charge
- just bc you ask for help doesn’t mean you do not have autonomy
positive autonomy
- the minute someone has to help you, you don’t feel autonomy anymore
- all about how you conceptualize it
negative autonomy
- 14-item measure
- looks at healthy days symptoms, activity limitations, symptoms like pain and anxiety, sleep
CDC HRQOL-14
which types of food do individuals with diabetes have to be careful with?
- sugar
- starch
- saturated and trans fats
name 4 components that individuals with diabetes have to monitor.
- weight
- blood sugar levels
- insulin
- medications
which 2 body parts do individuals with diabetes have to be extra careful of?
skin and eyes
being able to find support and move forward
emotion-focused coping
learning how to manage with disease
problem-focused coping
what should be on the plate of an individual with diabetes?
half should be non-starchy vegetables, 1/4 should be low glycemic starch (whole-wheat pasta, sweet potatoes), other half should be lean protein
what would a diabetes peer mentor look like?
around the same age, maybe lives in the community, also has diabetes, they’ve found ways to cope and manage and are able to share those ways
name 9 symptoms of PD that need to be managed.
- tremors
- changes in gait
- decreased speech
- decreased muscle strength
- muscle rigidity
- cognitive impairments
- balance problems
- freezing
- slowness of movement (bradykinesia)
name a strategy for gait training for individuals with PD.
walking to a beat (music)
name 3 symptoms of orthostatic hypotension.
- nausea
- dizziness
- feeling faint
which medications for pain work well for older adults?
extra strength Tylenols
name 3 behaviors of dementia that may need managing.
- agitation
- wandering
- aggression
what is used as a solution for managing behaviors of dementia?
OT activity-based interventions
what is used as a last resort for managing dementia behaviors?
anti-psychotics (increase the risk for death and strokes)
poor ____ can affect nutrition.
dentition (teeth)
name 2 nutrients important for wound healing.
- protein
- vitamin C
which vitamin is linked to cognition?
vitamin B12 (low levels can impact cognitive abilities)
who qualifies for meals on wheels?
must be homebound (temporarily or permanently)
what is the main mission of many senior centers?
to provide hot meals to older adults - no income requirement
