Week 8 - Vital Signs Flashcards
The pulse is ________
the pressure wave that travels through the arteries as a result of the alternate expansion and recoil of the elastic arteries after each systole of the left ventricle
Systole is ___________
in the cardiac cycle, the phase of contraction of the heart muscle, especially the ventricles
Diastole is __________
in the cardiac cycle, the phase of relaxation or dilation of the heart muscles, especially the ventricles
The normal pulse rate is ______
60-100bpm
Why don’t we inform the patient we are observing their respiration rate?
Rate can be consciously adjusted
The normal respiration rate is ________
12-20 respirations/min
Tachypnea is _______
> 40 respirations/min
Bradypnea is ______
<12 respirations/min
Body temperature is lowest in __________ and highest after _______ or _________
the morning
after a meal
physical activity
An adult should be referred to an MD with a fever of ______
103+
101+ > 3 days>
low-grade fever > several weeks
Babies should be referred to an MD with a fever of ______
<3 months 100.2+
3-6 months 101+
6 months+ 103+
Blood Pressure is ________
the pressure exerted by blood on the wall of a blood vessel which is generated by the contraction of the ventricles
Systolic BP is ________
the force with which blood pushes against arterial walls as a result of ventricular contraction
Diastolic BP is _________
the force of blood in the arteries during ventricular relaxation
Pulse pressure is _______. The average is ______
Systolic BP - Diastolic BP
40 mmHg
Blood pressure is determined by ________
amount of blood your heart pumps
amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries
List physiological factors influencing BP
cardiac output - exertion = BP↑ , relaxation = BP↓ total blood volume blood viscosity total blood vessel length blood vessel radius
Normal BP is ______
115/75 mmHg
Hypertension is a BP reading of _____ or higher
140/90 mmHg
What medications are used to treat HBP?
Diuretics Beta-blockers Ca-channel blockers Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Vasodilators
What herbs are used to treat HBP?
Dan Shen
Bai Shao/Chi Shao
Hong Hua
Primary hypertension is _________
persistently elevated BP not attributed to any particular organic cause
Secondary hypertension is _________
persistently elevated BP that has an identifiable underlying cause
List the forms of Physiological Damage of Hypertension over time
HT attack, HT failure Aneurysm Atherosclerosis Stroke KD failure Blindness
Four variables that don’t change with respect to risk factors affecting BP
Age
Race
Gender
Genetics
A psychosomatic cause of HBP is ________
White Coat Syndrome
List lifestyle risk factors for HBP
smoking, salt, cholesterol, alcohol, caffeine, stress, oral contraceptives, obesity
What are the two types of hypotension? Define them
Orthostatic Hypotension - BP falls excessively upon standing up. Symptoms last >10 minutes
Non-Orthostatic Hypotension - BP falls excessively due to loss of fluids, HT failure, arrythmia, shock, relaxation
