Week 8 - Vital Signs

Question 1

The pulse is ________

Answer 1

the pressure wave that travels through the arteries as a result of the alternate expansion and recoil of the elastic arteries after each systole of the left ventricle

Question 2

Systole is ___________

Answer 2

in the cardiac cycle, the phase of contraction of the heart muscle, especially the ventricles

Question 3

Diastole is __________

Answer 3

in the cardiac cycle, the phase of relaxation or dilation of the heart muscles, especially the ventricles

Question 4

The normal pulse rate is ______

Answer 4

60-100bpm

Question 5

Why don’t we inform the patient we are observing their respiration rate?

Answer 5

Rate can be consciously adjusted

Question 6

The normal respiration rate is ________

Answer 6

12-20 respirations/min

Question 7

Tachypnea is _______

Answer 7

> 40 respirations/min

Question 8

Bradypnea is ______

Answer 8

<12 respirations/min

Question 9

Body temperature is lowest in __________ and highest after _______ or _________

Answer 9

the morning
after a meal
physical activity

Question 10

An adult should be referred to an MD with a fever of ______

Answer 10

103+
101+ > 3 days>
low-grade fever > several weeks

Question 11

Babies should be referred to an MD with a fever of ______

Answer 11

<3 months 100.2+
3-6 months 101+
6 months+ 103+

Question 12

Blood Pressure is ________

Answer 12

the pressure exerted by blood on the wall of a blood vessel which is generated by the contraction of the ventricles

Question 13

Systolic BP is ________

Answer 13

the force with which blood pushes against arterial walls as a result of ventricular contraction

Question 14

Diastolic BP is _________

Answer 14

the force of blood in the arteries during ventricular relaxation

Question 15

Pulse pressure is _______. The average is ______

Answer 15

Systolic BP - Diastolic BP

40 mmHg

Question 16

Blood pressure is determined by ________

Answer 16

amount of blood your heart pumps

amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries

Question 17

List physiological factors influencing BP

Answer 17

cardiac output - exertion = BP↑ , relaxation = BP↓
total blood volume
blood viscosity
total blood vessel length
blood vessel radius

Question 18

Normal BP is ______

Answer 18

115/75 mmHg

Question 19

Hypertension is a BP reading of _____ or higher

Answer 19

140/90 mmHg

Question 20

What medications are used to treat HBP?

Answer 20

Diuretics
Beta-blockers
Ca-channel blockers
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Vasodilators

Question 21

What herbs are used to treat HBP?

Answer 21

Dan Shen
Bai Shao/Chi Shao
Hong Hua

Question 22

Primary hypertension is _________

Answer 22

persistently elevated BP not attributed to any particular organic cause

Question 23

Secondary hypertension is _________

Answer 23

persistently elevated BP that has an identifiable underlying cause

Question 24

List the forms of Physiological Damage of Hypertension over time

Answer 24

HT attack, HT failure
Aneurysm
Atherosclerosis
Stroke
KD failure
Blindness

Question 25

Four variables that don’t change with respect to risk factors affecting BP

Answer 25

Age
Race
Gender
Genetics

Question 26

A psychosomatic cause of HBP is ________

Answer 26

White Coat Syndrome

Question 27

List lifestyle risk factors for HBP

Answer 27

smoking, salt, cholesterol, alcohol, caffeine, stress, oral contraceptives, obesity

Question 28

What are the two types of hypotension? Define them

Answer 28

Orthostatic Hypotension - BP falls excessively upon standing up. Symptoms last >10 minutes
Non-Orthostatic Hypotension - BP falls excessively due to loss of fluids, HT failure, arrythmia, shock, relaxation