Week 8: The Limbic System Flashcards
Tel-enchephalic Limbic areas in the cerebral cortex
- cingulate gyrus
- para-hippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex
- prefrontal cortex
- temporal cortex
Sub cortical tel-encephalic limbic areas
- hippocampal formation
- amygdala
- spetal nuclei
- nucleus accumbens
- caudate and ventral pallidum
di-encephalic limbic areas
- hypothalamus
- anterior thalamus
- habenula
mes-encephalic limbic areas
- interpeduncular nucleus & VTA
- central gray
- raphe nuclei
- Pedunculo-pontine tegmental area (PPT)
met-encephalic limbic areas
locus coeruleus
Limbic system
mediate emotional behavior and play a critical role in motivation of behavior
Circuit
Hippocampus –> (fornix) –> mammillary bodies –> (mamillothalamic tract) –> Thalamus –> (internal capsule) –> cingulate gyrus –> (cingulum) –> parahippocampal gyrus –> entorhinal cortex –> (perforant pathway) –> hippocampus
hypothalamus’ general roles
Most important component
plays a role in virtually every behavior: eating, drinking, arousal, learning, aggression, sleep, sex, temperature regulation, etc.
hypothalamus’ essential four roles
- monitoring body functioning (blood glucose, insulin, oxygen, CO2…)
- maintians state of homeostasis via neural output to CNS
- maintains’s hormonal envrionment via pituitary
- trigger sympathetic response
general areas of the hypothalamus
lateral and medial
lateral hypothalamus
has most of the fibers
medial hypothalamus
has most of the sub nuclei
subgroups of the medial hypothalamus
suprachiasmatic nuc supraoptic nuc medial preoptic nuc laateral preoptic nuc anterior nuc arcuate nuc VMH (ventral medial hypothalamus) DMH (doral medial hpyothalamus) Paraventricual nuc lateral hypothalamus posterior nuc
four divisions of the medial nuclei
pre optic area
supra optic area
tuberal area
mammillary bodies
Pre-optic area
medial preoptic nucleus
lateral pre-optic nucleus
lateral preoptic
osmo-receptors
Supraoptic area
anterior hypothalamus suprachiasmatic nuc supraoptic nuc paraventricular nuc OVLT
suprachiasmatic nuc
seems to be the clock - maybe mediating circadian rhythms
role in SAD
OVLT
thirst and fluid balance - more osmoreceptors
Tuberal area
VMH
DMH
arcuate nuc
periventribular nuc
the infundibulum
connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus via the median eminence
posterior nuc & mammillary bodies
thermoregulation
memory consolidation
pituitary
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
magoncelluar neurons release oxytocin in a phasic pattern
neurons that release vasopressin fire in a tonic (consistent) pattern
anterior pituitary
parvocellular neuron of tuberal nuclei and supra optic nuceli intereact with the hypothalamus
cells that make the horomones are here
Lateral area
medial forebrain bundle
nigro striatal pathwaymo
motivation
neronal and physiological factors that start, maintain and direct behavior
