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IR 358 after MT > week 8 sanctions / economy > Flashcards

week 8 sanctions / economy Flashcards

1
Q

sanctions are an ineffective tool of statecraft. do you agree?

A
  • capital peace theory
  • complex interdependence theory
  • chokepoints can limit the impact of sanctions
  • nationalism
  • morally impermissible
  • elites shifting the burden on civilians
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2
Q

capital peace theory

A

the moment you have trade you have peace
capitalism leads to peace not democracy

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3
Q

JCPOA

A

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

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4
Q

SDN

A

Specially Designed Nations

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5
Q

GAO

A

Government Accountability Office.

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6
Q

IRGC

A

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

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7
Q

WMD

A

Weapons of Mass Destruction

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8
Q

what is economic sanctions?

A

can be trade, finance, aid

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9
Q

what are different types of sanctions?

A
  1. economic sanctions
  2. travel sanctions
  3. sports sanctions
  4. cultural sanctions
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10
Q

what are the different scopes?

A

comprehensive
sectoral
targeted
secondary

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11
Q

who are the key actors?

A
  1. sender
  2. target
  3. third parties
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12
Q

“a country menaced with an interruption of trade with a given country has the alternative of diverting trade to a third country”

A

hirschman

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13
Q

economic sanctions

A

the point of these sanctions is to influence behavior ex. the US sanctions on china because of their human rights violations of the massacres

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14
Q

counterstrategy

A
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15
Q

complex interdependence

A

As countries rely on one another, they become more sensitive to each other’s needs and vulnerabilities, fostering cooperative relationships. For instance, disruptions in the supply of essential materials in one country can have ripple effects throughout trading partners, highlighting the interconnectedness of global economies.

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16
Q

what is the main argument of commercial liberalism?

A
  • the moment you have trade you have peace
  • everybody wins because countries want to accumulate benefits
    they realize that fighting against each other goes against state interest
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17
Q

“economic freedom is about 50 times more effective than democracy in reducing violent conflict”

A

Gartzke

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18
Q

the invisible hand - by Adam Smith

A

individuals pursuing their own interests can lead to positive economic outcomes for society as a whole. In the context of international trade, as countries seek to improve their economic conditions, they engage in trade without the need for direct state intervention.

19
Q

divison of labor - David Hume

A

Specialization allows countries to focus on what they do best, leading to increased efficiency. fx nation that are not advanced does not have technology which is why they should not produce light industries ex. Vietnam is better at producing light

20
Q

comparative advantage - David Ricardo

A

the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another country.

21
Q

technological advancement

A

Trade fosters innovation and technological progress by exposing firms to international competition. This “creative destruction” process ensures that less efficient businesses exit the market, making way for more innovative and adaptable firms to thrive. In a capitalist system, this cycle of growth and decline drives continuous improvement.

22
Q

hegemonic stability theory

A
  • global stability and cooperation are often maintained by dominant power
  • the rise and fall of hegemonic powers can sinifcicantly influence trade relationships
23
Q

characteristics of complex interdependence

A
  • states that are connected by multiple channels
  • absence of hierarchy among issues
24
Q

what does liberalists say about security?

A

it does not have to be security all the time. there are more important thins such as human rights and economic development - (Keohane and Nye )

25
Q

political processes of complex interdependence?

A
  • linkage strategies
  • agenda formation and control
  • agenda changes
26
Q

linkage strategies

A
  • a form of coercion ex. when the US gave grain to the USSR during the cold war in exchange for political leverage
  • it is an attempt to the actor to make changes
  • the alternative would otherwise be conflict
27
Q

agenda formation and control

A

Agenda formation and control refer to how certain topics are prioritized in international discourse, affecting the behavior and responses of states

28
Q

what does mercantilism say?

A
  • if your own nation has to be wealthy, it could only be so by making others poor
  • this theory goes against commercial liberalism
29
Q

economic nationalism

A

the idea that a country should strive to produce the essential goods and services it needs, minimizing dependence on international trade.
Sanctions often include restrictions on trade that compel nations to adapt and rely on domestic production

30
Q

infant industry protectionism

A

A country might restrict imports of certain goods to allow local manufacturers time to develop their capabilities and market presence.

31
Q

marxisim on sanction

A

peace can only happen when the working class is taking over and free trade is an illusion

32
Q

economic statecraft

A

the use of economic means by one state to influence another

33
Q

weaponized interdependence

A

the misuse of interdependence, countries being aware that they are rendering other countries and being happy to do so

34
Q

chokepoint

A

a cut off in international trade, think about it as a bottle neck - if you make an obstacle nothing floats - it is seen within the networks so for A to get to Q it has to go through B and D first and D might create a chokepoint to gain power

35
Q

trade wars

A

state threatens to inflict economic harm - ex. trump inflicting harm on chinese companies to make the the trade less advantageous to China and more advantageous to The US because he argued that they where eating Washingtons lunch.

36
Q

economic warfare

A

measures that seeks to weaken an adversaryøs aggregate economic potential in order to weaken its military capabilities

37
Q

BDS

A

Boykott Divestment Sanctions

38
Q

comprehensive scope

A

seeks to prevent virtually all trade to economic welfare and is a scope where everybody suffers with the aim of maximum pressure

39
Q

sectoral scope

A

These sanctions focus on specific sectors of a target’s economy, such as finance, energy, or military goods.

40
Q

targeted scope

A

“smart sanctions,” these are designed to focus on specific individuals, organizations, or entities rather than the general population. Targeted sanctions might include asset freezes, travel bans, or restrictions on specific individuals associated with objectionable actions.

41
Q

secondary scope

A

impose restrictions on third parties that engage in business or trade with a sanctioned country or individual.

42
Q

sanction busters

A

often helping the sanctioned state to maintain access to markets, trade, or essential resources. ex Türkiye when the US sanctioned Iran was a sanction buster

43
Q

false positive

A

indicate an incorrect attribution of success to sanctions when that success is actually due to other factors.

44
Q

false negative

A

indicate a failure to recognize the effectiveness of sanctions due to flaws in policy implementation or design

IR 358 after MT (8 decks)

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