week 8 sanctions / economy

Question 1

sanctions are an ineffective tool of statecraft. do you agree?

Answer 1

• capital peace theory
• complex interdependence theory
• chokepoints can limit the impact of sanctions
• nationalism
• morally impermissible
• elites shifting the burden on civilians

Question 2

capital peace theory

Answer 2

the moment you have trade you have peace
capitalism leads to peace not democracy

Question 3

JCPOA

Answer 3

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

Question 4

SDN

Answer 4

Specially Designed Nations

Question 5

GAO

Answer 5

Government Accountability Office.

Question 6

IRGC

Answer 6

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

Question 7

WMD

Answer 7

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Question 8

what is economic sanctions?

Answer 8

can be trade, finance, aid

Question 9

what are different types of sanctions?

Answer 9

1. economic sanctions
2. travel sanctions
3. sports sanctions
4. cultural sanctions

Question 10

what are the different scopes?

Answer 10

comprehensive
sectoral
targeted
secondary

Question 11

who are the key actors?

Answer 11

1. sender
2. target
3. third parties

Question 12

“a country menaced with an interruption of trade with a given country has the alternative of diverting trade to a third country”

Answer 12

hirschman

Question 13

economic sanctions

Answer 13

the point of these sanctions is to influence behavior ex. the US sanctions on china because of their human rights violations of the massacres

Question 14

counterstrategy

Question 15

complex interdependence

Answer 15

As countries rely on one another, they become more sensitive to each other’s needs and vulnerabilities, fostering cooperative relationships. For instance, disruptions in the supply of essential materials in one country can have ripple effects throughout trading partners, highlighting the interconnectedness of global economies.

Question 16

what is the main argument of commercial liberalism?

Answer 16

• the moment you have trade you have peace
• everybody wins because countries want to accumulate benefits
  they realize that fighting against each other goes against state interest

Question 17

“economic freedom is about 50 times more effective than democracy in reducing violent conflict”

Answer 17

Gartzke

Question 18

the invisible hand - by Adam Smith

Answer 18

individuals pursuing their own interests can lead to positive economic outcomes for society as a whole. In the context of international trade, as countries seek to improve their economic conditions, they engage in trade without the need for direct state intervention.

Question 19

divison of labor - David Hume

Answer 19

Specialization allows countries to focus on what they do best, leading to increased efficiency. fx nation that are not advanced does not have technology which is why they should not produce light industries ex. Vietnam is better at producing light

Question 20

comparative advantage - David Ricardo

Answer 20

the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another country.

Question 21

technological advancement

Answer 21

Trade fosters innovation and technological progress by exposing firms to international competition. This “creative destruction” process ensures that less efficient businesses exit the market, making way for more innovative and adaptable firms to thrive. In a capitalist system, this cycle of growth and decline drives continuous improvement.

Question 22

hegemonic stability theory

Answer 22

• global stability and cooperation are often maintained by dominant power
• the rise and fall of hegemonic powers can sinifcicantly influence trade relationships

Question 23

characteristics of complex interdependence

Answer 23

• states that are connected by multiple channels
• absence of hierarchy among issues

Question 24

what does liberalists say about security?

Answer 24

it does not have to be security all the time. there are more important thins such as human rights and economic development - (Keohane and Nye )

Question 25

political processes of complex interdependence?

Answer 25

- linkage strategies - agenda formation and control - agenda changes

Question 26

linkage strategies

Answer 26

- a form of coercion ex. when the US gave grain to the USSR during the cold war in exchange for political leverage - it is an attempt to the actor to make changes - the alternative would otherwise be conflict

Question 27

agenda formation and control

Answer 27

Agenda formation and control refer to how certain topics are prioritized in international discourse, affecting the behavior and responses of states

Question 28

what does mercantilism say?

Answer 28

- if your own nation has to be wealthy, it could only be so by making others poor - this theory goes against commercial liberalism

Question 29

economic nationalism

Answer 29

the idea that a country should strive to produce the essential goods and services it needs, minimizing dependence on international trade. Sanctions often include restrictions on trade that compel nations to adapt and rely on domestic production

Question 30

infant industry protectionism

Answer 30

A country might restrict imports of certain goods to allow local manufacturers time to develop their capabilities and market presence.

Question 31

marxisim on sanction

Answer 31

peace can only happen when the working class is taking over and free trade is an illusion

Question 32

economic statecraft

Answer 32

the use of economic means by one state to influence another

Question 33

weaponized interdependence

Answer 33

the misuse of interdependence, countries being aware that they are rendering other countries and being happy to do so

Question 34

chokepoint

Answer 34

a cut off in international trade, think about it as a bottle neck - if you make an obstacle nothing floats - it is seen within the networks so for A to get to Q it has to go through B and D first and D might create a chokepoint to gain power

Question 35

trade wars

Answer 35

state threatens to inflict economic harm - ex. trump inflicting harm on chinese companies to make the the trade less advantageous to China and more advantageous to The US because he argued that they where eating Washingtons lunch.

Question 36

economic warfare

Answer 36

measures that seeks to weaken an adversaryøs aggregate economic potential in order to weaken its military capabilities

Question 37

BDS

Answer 37

Boykott Divestment Sanctions

Question 38

comprehensive scope

Answer 38

seeks to prevent virtually all trade to economic welfare and is a scope where everybody suffers with the aim of maximum pressure

Question 39

sectoral scope

Answer 39

These sanctions focus on specific sectors of a target's economy, such as finance, energy, or military goods.

Question 40

targeted scope

Answer 40

"smart sanctions," these are designed to focus on specific individuals, organizations, or entities rather than the general population. Targeted sanctions might include asset freezes, travel bans, or restrictions on specific individuals associated with objectionable actions.

Question 41

secondary scope

Answer 41

impose restrictions on third parties that engage in business or trade with a sanctioned country or individual.

Question 42

sanction busters

Answer 42

often helping the sanctioned state to maintain access to markets, trade, or essential resources. ex Türkiye when the US sanctioned Iran was a sanction buster

Question 43

false positive

Answer 43

indicate an incorrect attribution of success to sanctions when that success is actually due to other factors.

Question 44

false negative

Answer 44

indicate a failure to recognize the effectiveness of sanctions due to flaws in policy implementation or design