Week 8: Public Health, Population Health, & Levels of Prevention Flashcards
Public Health
health prevention group providing programs, services and policies that protect and promote health
3 core areas of public health
Protection – control of infectious illnesses, extreme weather events, workplace and env. problems
Prevention – early identification of health problems (screening), preventing health problems before they occur
Promotion – health behaviors, SDoH
Core functions of public health
- assessments and surveillance
- health promotion and policy development
- health protection
- disease prevention
- emergency management
upstream approach
looking at the root causes to issues
- public health focuses on this approach!
5 levels of prevention used in health promotion
Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Primordial prevention
Identify problems and Bring awareness to problems
Preventing issues before they happen (Risk factor not present)
Ex, completely removing tobacco access to products and smoking in public places
Primary prevention
May occur but haven’t yet
Risk factor present, trying to reduce
Ex, immunization against childhood diseases
Ex, Smoking prevention programs
Secondary prevention
Stop or slow progression of illness – diagnose as early as possible
Goal: early diagnosis and treatment
Ex, Screening! (skin cancers, blood tests screening for diabetes, pap smears, mammograms)
Tertiary prevention
rehabilitation
Quaternary prevention
Identify people at risk for medical mishaps
Focus shift to ethical practices that may be causing harm
I.e identify how the medical system could make people worse and avoid putting people through those procedures unnecessarily
Ex, recognition of the trauma people who have been victims of domestic violence face and being sensitive and minimizing further traumatizing through over-exposure to questioning and assessments
Safe Opioid Supply Programs
preventing opioid overdose with temporary overdose prevention sites
harm reduction program
harm reduction programs
Bike helmets
Condoms safe sex edcation in school
Substitution therapy for opiod users
Safe cannabis use (Age limit and limit THC concentration)
Population Health Approach
Def’n:focus on upstream efforts (reduce root causes of problems) to prevent problems and improve health
- Across lifespan
- All people
ottawa charter
solve SDoH = population health approach
Strengthening community action
Support activities encourage community members to participate in making their health better
Building healthy public policy
Ex, nursing students conduct survey to lobby/advocate for healthier foods
Creating supportive environments
Generate good environments that support safe, simulating, satisfying, and enjoyable living
Develop personal skills
Health education to increase options to people so they can take control and make better choices
Reorienting health services
Move towards health promotion approach to making care better
Population health indicators
Closly linked to SDoH
Mortality
Life expectancy
Alcohol usage
Breastfeeding rates
Injuries
Etc
COVID 19 indicators
Number of:
Cases
Deaths
Hospitalizations
Outbreaks
Positivity
Epidemiology
Spread of diseases study
Health patterns and what influences how diseases are spread
Public health nursing
Seek to understand health promotion and what strategies would work best
first public health nurses and what they did
District nurses
Visited high risk mothers/disadvantaged mothers to provide nutrition and maternal education. Prenatal education and mother/baby home visits
Roles and responsibilities of public health nurses
Chronic disease prevention wellbeing
Healthy environments
Healthy growth and development
Food safety
Immunization programs
Infectious disease infection and control
- COVID-19 contact tracing
School health programs
Substance abuse and injury prevention
