Week 8- Population Growth Flashcards
What was the population growth rate in 1965
2.1%
What will the population be in 2100
10.9 billion
Why are places losing population?
Low fertility and high emigration
What are the phases of the demographic transition model?
Mortality and fertility decline
Population growth accelerates
Society moves towards low fertility and old population
What is Malthus theory on population growth?
Increased GDP per capita => Increased marriage => Increased children => decreased wages => decreased consumption => Lower fertiliyu
What is Smith theory on population growth?
Large population bring economies of scale which increases demand.
How many international migrants are there?
281 million
What % of immigrants live in 20 nations?
67%
Summarise the general characteristics of immigrants
-Clustered in urban areas
-Young
-Working age
What is the neo-classical approach to migration?
The main source of migration is due to difference between wages
What does endogenous growth theories suggest?
-People came to the centre of production functions
What does Borjas suggest about immigrants?
Migrants are entrepreneurial, risk-loving and possibly higher skilled
What is the supply side of migration?
The knowledge transferred
What does Jacobs argue about mirgation?
Diversity facilitates innovation through the borrowing of processes from other sectos
What are some negative externalities on diversity?
-Assimilation issues
-Linguistic difficulties
-Segregation/ethnic enclaves
What are some impact on innovation by immigrants?
-More demand for more goods
-Changing human capital stock through new ideas
-Mobilising both supply and demand side forces
What are the three effects on innovation called?
Density effect
Skills effect
Diversity effect
What are some qualities required for a successful immigration policy?
-More quality than quantity
-Composition and richness of labour force
-Heterogeneity is important
How may too many skilled migrants be an issue?
-Skills mismatch
How is skills mismatch a challenge?
-Poor productivity
-Job dissatisfaction
-Poor integration
-Wrong investment
What % of foreign workers in the EU have mismatched skills?
39%
