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The Global Economy > Week 6 and 7- International Institutions and Corruption > Flashcards

Week 6 and 7- International Institutions and Corruption Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of formal institutions?

A

Legal
Political
Economic
Education
Healthcare

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2
Q

What 4 ways do institutions arise?

A

Efficiency
Accidental
Cultural
Conflict

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3
Q

What are international institutions?

A

Institutional agreement between members of an international system in order to achieve objectives (Gabriela)

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4
Q

What is the demand for global governence?

A

-Defence
-Infrastructure
-Aid
-Prevent civil unrest
-Securing property rights

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5
Q

Why do nations fail?

A

-External effects (interdependence)
-Resource deficiency
-Unwillingness

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6
Q

What 3 dimensions does Koenig-Archibugi suggest classify an international institution?

A

-Inclusiveness (Share of individuals with decisional power)
-Delegation (Nature of the functions that can be performed)
-Publicness (Nature of active participants

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7
Q

What is the goal of the IMF?

A

To stabilise the global monetary system

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8
Q

How do the dimensions of international organisation show up in the IMF?

A

High delegation
High publicness
Low inclusiveness

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9
Q

Why join the IMF with low inclusiveness?

A

It encourages investment and trade

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10
Q

What are the 4 main functions of IOs

A

-Authorising the use of force
-Manipulating domestic policy
-Developing bureaucratic expertise
-Adjudicating disputes

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11
Q

What do the 3 generations of models for international cooperation show?

A

First Generation:
Shows why states need to cooperate
Second Generation: Uses models to address neorealist debates
Third generation:Answers specific questions such as distribution

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12
Q

How does the first generation model promote cooperation?

A

Via the repeated prisoners dilemma

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13
Q

What is the repeated prisoners dilemma?

A

Countries can choose policies which are mutually beneficial or prioritise maximising personal utility

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14
Q

What is the main problem with multilateral cooperation?

A

Free riding

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15
Q

What is the hegemonic stability theory (HST)?

A

The international system is more likely to be stable when there is a single nation-state as a dominant world power

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16
Q

How does the HST promote stability?

A

The hegemon enforces international cooperation as it size and connections are detrimental

17
Q

What is the difference between Neorealists and Neoliberals?

A

Neorealists focus on security
Neoliberals focus on environmental and social issues

18
Q

What is corruption?

A

The abuse of public office for private gains

19
Q

What are some types of corruption?

A

Bribery
Embezzlement
Collusion

20
Q

What causes corruption?

A

(1) Size of government
(2) Salaries of civil service
(3) Democracy/Political system
(4) Quality of institutions
(5) Economic freedom
(6) Press freedom
(7) Cultural determinants
(8) % of women in workforce
(9) Colonial heritage
(10) Endowment of natural resources)

21
Q

What is the Rational Choice Theory

A

Models of human behaviour with self-interested practices?

22
Q

What are 3 rational choice explanations for corruption?

A

-Cooperation game (Prisoner’s dilemma)
-Collective action (prevailing norms)
-Principal-agent model (delegation of tasks)

23
Q

What are consequences of corruption?

A

-Reduced GDP (deterred investment)
-Increased inequality
-Reduced FDI
-Reduced trade (competitive disadvantages)

24
Q

What is the Global Corruption Barometer?

A

A measure of household’s interaction with corruption in basic services.

25
Q

What is the Bribe Payers Index

A

Measurement of corruption engagement in the private sector (scaled 0-10)

26
Q

What is the Corruption Perception Index?

A

Measurement of the degree to which politicians are believed to accept bribes?

27
Q

What is the global cost of corruption annually?

A

$2.6 trillion USD

28
Q

How has globalisation impacted corruption?

A

-Increased opportunities for corruption and made it less detectable
-Decreased corruption, countries must comply to international regulations

29
Q

What is the correlation between globalisation and corruption

A

Low globalisation = low regulation
Transition level = strengthening of institutions
High globalisation = high regulation
A flipped U system

30
Q

What was the objective of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention (1997)?

A

To create a level playing field to improve the international business environment

31
Q

What is a limit of anti-corruption institutions?

A

Little evidence of a decrease in corruption

32
Q

What are some potential solutions for corruption?

A

-Reforms to open up the economy
-Reforms to eliminate unnecessary regulation
-Reforms to give more power to citizens

The Global Economy (9 decks)

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