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Psychological Assessment > Week 8: Norms > Flashcards

Week 8: Norms Flashcards

1
Q

the act of assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics of things (people, events, whatever) according to rules

A

Measurement

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2
Q

The rules used in assigning numbers are guidelines for representing the _____ (or some other characteristic) of the object being measured

A

magnitude

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3
Q

In measurements there is assigned…

A

interpretations

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4
Q

Test results is represented by numbers or…

A

assigned values

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5
Q

a set of numbers (or other symbols) whose properties model empirical properties of the objects to which the numbers are assigned.

A

scale

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6
Q

Type of Variables

A
  • Discrete Variables
  • Continuous Variable
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7
Q

consist of indivisible categories (cannot be seen)

A

Discrete Variables

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8
Q

infinitely divisible into whatever units a researcher may choose (numbers)

A

Continious Variable

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9
Q

Scale Measurement: According to Type of Variable Being Measured

A
  • Continuous Scale
  • Discrete Scale
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10
Q

scale that is infinite

A

Continuous Scale

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11
Q

involve classification or categorization based on one or more distinguishing characteristics, where all things measured must be placed into mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories

A

Nominal Scale

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12
Q

scale that thas a finite number of possible values

A

Discrete Scale

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13
Q

In numerical scale, ____ are used as labels (no numerical prop)

A

numbers

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14
Q

Nominal scales are data that record…

A

categories

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15
Q

_____: nominal scales represent a rather low level of measurement

A

Unordered set

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16
Q

for questions that ask gender, yes or no, can nominal scale be used?

A

yes

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17
Q

Classification and rank ordering on some characteristic is permissible with…

A

ordinal scales

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18
Q

Ordinal scales record information about the rank order of…

A

scores

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19
Q

For what measures can ordinal scale be used?

A

First, Second, 1, 2, Test Scores
Median, Percentile

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20
Q

Rank w/o corrections =

A

normal ranking

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21
Q

Rank w/ corrections =

A

add those with same values, divide kung ilan sila

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22
Q

contain equal intervals between numbers

A

Interval Scales

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23
Q

Interval scales tell us about the order of data points, and the size of the intervals in between data points.

A

Yes

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24
Q

where can interval scales be used?

A

mean, standard deviation, correlation, regression, analysis of variance

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25
√Variance =
Standard deviation
26
an interval scale with a true zero point.
Ratio Scale
27
A ratio scale is a measurement of data which permits the comparison of differences of values
yes
28
All ____ permitted for interval scales plus the following: geometric mean, harmonic mean, coefficient of variation, logarithms
statistics
29
____ of measurement is most frequently used in psychology
Ordinal level
30
Developed through SAMPLING – Deriving a representative group of the population – a sample
Norm
31
Types of Sampling
Random Sampling Statified Sampling Purposive Sampling Convenience (Incidental) Sampling
32
Set of individuals selected from a population. Representative of the population.
Sample
33
type of sampling wherein each element has a known probability of being sampled
Probability Sampling
34
type of sampling wherein each element has an unknown probability of being sampled
Nonprobability Sampling
35
Whoever is available; randomly
Simple Random Sampling
36
a probability sampling method where researchers select members of the population at a regular interval
Systematic Sampling
37
creating subgroups in a dataset according to various factors, such as age, gender, income level, or education.
Stratified Random Sampling
38
what are stratas?
homogeneous subpopulations (the plural of stratum) based on specific characteristics (e.g., race, gender identity, location, etc.)
39
an approach to stratified sampling in which the size of the sample from each stratum or level is not in proportion to the size of that stratum or level in the total population.
Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling
40
involves taking random samples from stratified groups, in proportion to the population.
Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling
41
researchers divide a population into smaller groups known as clusters. They then randomly select among these clusters to form a sample.
Cluster Sampling
42
combination of strategies or methods of sampling
Combined-strategy Sampling
43
refers to intentionally selecting participants based on their characteristics, knowledge, experiences, or some other criteria.
purposive sampling
44
select a predetermined number or proportion of units with specific characteristics in a non-random manner.
QUOTA SAMPLING
45
non-probability sampling method where units are selected for inclusion in the sample because they are the easiest for the researcher to access.
CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
46
what 2 samplings are incidental and dependent on the willingness and availability of respondents
Quota Sampling and Convenience Sampling
47
a purposeful and iterative sampling technique used in qualitative research, specifically within Grounded Theory methodology. Involves selecting participants, cases, or contexts based on their potential to contribute to the development and refinement of theoretical concepts.
Theoretical Sampling
48
a sample from a larger group that accurately represents the characteristics of a larger population.
Sample Representative
49
the number of participants or observations included in a study.
Sample Size
50
How large a sample we need is based on
alpha level effect size power
51
what reveals confidence level
alpha level
52
tells you how meaningful the relationship between variables or the difference between groups is.
Effect Size
53
the likelihood that a researcher will find a significant result (an effect) in a sample if such an effect exists in the population being studied
Power
54
Types of Norms
Developmental Norms Within Group Norms
55
indicates how far along the normal development path an individual has progressed
Developmental Norms
56
the individual's performance is evaluated in terms of the performance of the most nearly comparable standardization group.
Within Group Norms
57
Types of Developmental Norms
Age Norm Grade Norms Mental Age Ordinal Scale
58
Age-equivalent scores - Indicate the average performance of different samples of test takers who were at various ages at the time the test was administered
Age Norm
59
There are no tests for specific age groups
False
60
designed to indicate the average test performance of test-takers in a given school grade.
Grade Norms
61
A child’s score on a test corresponds to the highest year level or age that he can complete.
Mental Age
62
Mental age can be higher or lower than the actual age
True
63
Identify the stage reached by the child in the development of a specific behavior function
Ordinal Scale
64
Types of Within Group Norms
Percentile National Norm
65
an expression of the percentage of people whose score on a test or measure falls below a particular raw score
Percentile
66
Percentile distribution is divided into
100 equal parts - %
67
Derived from a normative sample that was nationally representative of the population at the time the norming study was conducted
National Norms
68
where is National Norms usually used for?
Socioeconomic Status
69
National Norms can be used for a particular ethnicity
True
70
a score is interpreted by comparing it with the scores obtained by others on the same test
Norm-Referenced Testing
71
uses specified content domain rather than a specified population of persons
Criterion-Referenced
72
who proposed Criterion-Referenced
Glaser, 1963
73
In norm-referenced testing, the higher the score fo the topnotcher, the lower the number of passers
true
74
___ percent of the topnotcher's score is set as the passing score
60
75
In criterion-referenced, there is a specific criteria
true

Psychological Assessment (4 decks)

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