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Psychological Assessment > Week 8: Norms > Flashcards

Week 8: Norms Flashcards

1
Q

the act of assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics of things (people, events, whatever) according to rules

A

Measurement

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2
Q

The rules used in assigning numbers are guidelines for representing the _____ (or some other characteristic) of the object being measured

A

magnitude

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3
Q

In measurements there is assigned…

A

interpretations

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4
Q

Test results is represented by numbers or…

A

assigned values

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5
Q

a set of numbers (or other symbols) whose properties model empirical properties of the objects to which the numbers are assigned.

A

scale

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6
Q

Type of Variables

A
  • Discrete Variables
  • Continuous Variable
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7
Q

consist of indivisible categories (cannot be seen)

A

Discrete Variables

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8
Q

infinitely divisible into whatever units a researcher may choose (numbers)

A

Continious Variable

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9
Q

Scale Measurement: According to Type of Variable Being Measured

A
  • Continuous Scale
  • Discrete Scale
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10
Q

scale that is infinite

A

Continuous Scale

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11
Q

involve classification or categorization based on one or more distinguishing characteristics, where all things measured must be placed into mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories

A

Nominal Scale

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12
Q

scale that thas a finite number of possible values

A

Discrete Scale

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13
Q

In numerical scale, ____ are used as labels (no numerical prop)

A

numbers

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14
Q

Nominal scales are data that record…

A

categories

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15
Q

_____: nominal scales represent a rather low level of measurement

A

Unordered set

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16
Q

for questions that ask gender, yes or no, can nominal scale be used?

A

yes

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17
Q

Classification and rank ordering on some characteristic is permissible with…

A

ordinal scales

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18
Q

Ordinal scales record information about the rank order of…

A

scores

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19
Q

For what measures can ordinal scale be used?

A

First, Second, 1, 2, Test Scores
Median, Percentile

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20
Q

Rank w/o corrections =

A

normal ranking

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21
Q

Rank w/ corrections =

A

add those with same values, divide kung ilan sila

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22
Q

contain equal intervals between numbers

A

Interval Scales

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23
Q

Interval scales tell us about the order of data points, and the size of the intervals in between data points.

A

Yes

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24
Q

where can interval scales be used?

A

mean, standard deviation, correlation, regression, analysis of variance

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25
Q

√Variance =

A

Standard deviation

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26
Q

an interval scale with a true zero point.

A

Ratio Scale

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27
Q

A ratio scale is a measurement of data which permits the comparison of differences of values

A

yes

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28
Q

All ____ permitted for interval scales plus the following: geometric mean, harmonic mean, coefficient of variation, logarithms

A

statistics

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29
Q

____ of measurement is most frequently used in psychology

A

Ordinal level

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30
Q

Developed through SAMPLING – Deriving a representative group of the population – a sample

A

Norm

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31
Q

Types of Sampling

A

Random Sampling
Statified Sampling
Purposive Sampling
Convenience (Incidental) Sampling

32
Q

Set of individuals selected from a population. Representative of the population.

A

Sample

33
Q

type of sampling wherein each element has a known probability of being sampled

A

Probability Sampling

34
Q

type of sampling wherein each element has an unknown probability of being sampled

A

Nonprobability Sampling

35
Q

Whoever is available; randomly

A

Simple Random Sampling

36
Q

a probability sampling method where researchers select members of the population at a regular interval

A

Systematic Sampling

37
Q

creating subgroups in a dataset according to various factors, such as age, gender, income level, or education.

A

Stratified Random Sampling

38
Q

what are stratas?

A

homogeneous subpopulations (the plural of stratum) based on specific characteristics (e.g., race, gender identity, location, etc.)

39
Q

an approach to stratified sampling in which the size of the sample from each stratum or level is not in proportion to the size of that stratum or level in the total population.

A

Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling

40
Q

involves taking random samples from stratified groups, in proportion to the population.

A

Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling

41
Q

researchers divide a population into smaller groups known as clusters. They then randomly select among these clusters to form a sample.

A

Cluster Sampling

42
Q

combination of strategies or methods of sampling

A

Combined-strategy Sampling

43
Q

refers to intentionally selecting participants based on their characteristics, knowledge, experiences, or some other criteria.

A

purposive sampling

44
Q

select a predetermined number or proportion of units with specific characteristics in a non-random manner.

A

QUOTA SAMPLING

45
Q

non-probability sampling method where units are selected for inclusion in the sample because they are the easiest for the researcher to access.

A

CONVENIENCE SAMPLING

46
Q

what 2 samplings are incidental and dependent on the willingness and availability of respondents

A

Quota Sampling and Convenience Sampling

47
Q

a purposeful and iterative sampling technique used in qualitative research, specifically within Grounded Theory methodology. Involves selecting participants, cases, or contexts based on their potential to contribute to the development and refinement of theoretical concepts.

A

Theoretical Sampling

48
Q

a sample from a larger group that accurately represents the characteristics of a larger population.

A

Sample Representative

49
Q

the number of participants or observations included in a study.

A

Sample Size

50
Q

How large a sample we need is based on

A

alpha level
effect size
power

51
Q

what reveals confidence level

A

alpha level

52
Q

tells you how meaningful the relationship between variables or the difference between groups is.

A

Effect Size

53
Q

the likelihood that a researcher will find a significant result (an effect) in a sample if such an effect exists in the population being studied

A

Power

54
Q

Types of Norms

A

Developmental Norms
Within Group Norms

55
Q

indicates how far along the normal development path an individual has progressed

A

Developmental Norms

56
Q

the individual’s performance is evaluated in terms of the performance of the most nearly comparable standardization group.

A

Within Group Norms

57
Q

Types of Developmental Norms

A

Age Norm
Grade Norms
Mental Age
Ordinal Scale

58
Q

Age-equivalent scores
- Indicate the average performance of different samples of test takers who were at various ages at the time the test was administered

A

Age Norm

59
Q

There are no tests for specific age groups

A

False

60
Q

designed to indicate the average test performance of test-takers in a given school grade.

A

Grade Norms

61
Q

A child’s score on a test corresponds to the highest year level or age that he can complete.

A

Mental Age

62
Q

Mental age can be higher or lower than the actual age

A

True

63
Q

Identify the stage reached by the child in the development of a specific behavior function

A

Ordinal Scale

64
Q

Types of Within Group Norms

A

Percentile
National Norm

65
Q

an expression of the percentage of people whose score on a test or measure falls below a particular raw score

A

Percentile

66
Q

Percentile distribution is divided into

A

100 equal parts - %

67
Q

Derived from a normative sample that was nationally representative of the population at the time the norming study was conducted

A

National Norms

68
Q

where is National Norms usually used for?

A

Socioeconomic Status

69
Q

National Norms can be used for a particular ethnicity

A

True

70
Q

a score is interpreted by comparing it with the scores obtained by others on the same test

A

Norm-Referenced Testing

71
Q

uses specified content domain rather than a specified population of persons

A

Criterion-Referenced

72
Q

who proposed Criterion-Referenced

A

Glaser, 1963

73
Q

In norm-referenced testing, the higher the score fo the topnotcher, the lower the number of passers

A

true

74
Q

___ percent of the topnotcher’s score is set as the passing score

A

60

75
Q

In criterion-referenced, there is a specific criteria

A

true

Psychological Assessment (4 decks)

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