Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychological Assessment > Basic Assumptions About Psychological Testing and Assessment > Flashcards

Basic Assumptions About Psychological Testing and Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is Assumption 1?

A

Psychological Traits and States Exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which an individual differs from another

A

Trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Distinguishes a person from another but is less enduring

A

State

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Based on observing a sample of Behavior

A

Trait and the magnitude of the trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ways to observe/measure

A
  • Direct Observation
  • Analysis of Self-Report Statements
  • Pencil-or-Paper Tests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Psychological Traits:

A
  • Intelligence
  • Specific Intellectual Abilities
  • Cognitive Style
  • Adjustment
  • Specific Personality Traits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Some people deny that traits exist and there is
a controversy how they exist

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

informed, scientific concept developed or constructed to describe or explain behavior

A

Construct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Assumption 2?

A

Psychological Traits and States can be Quantified and Measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Develop items that provides _____ to the trait

A

insight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Develop appropriate test items and appropriate way to _____ the items

A

score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

method of scoring whereby points or scores accumulated on individual items or subtests are tallied, and the higher the total sum, the higher the individual is presumed to be on the ability, trait, or other characteristic being measured

A

Cumulative Scoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Assumption 3

A

Test-Related Behavior Predicts Non-Test-Related Behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tasks in some tests _____the actual behaviors that the test user is attempting to understand

A

mimic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tests yield only a sample of the behavior that can be expected to be emitted under contest conditions –

A

Predict or postdict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

To estimate or suppose something which took place in past; to conjecture something that occurred beforehand.

A

Postdict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

say or estimate that (a specified thing) will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something

A

predict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Assumption 4?

A

Tests and Other Measurement Technique Have Strengths and Weaknesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

strength and weakness can be based on:

A
  • how a test was developed
  • the circumstances under which it is appropriate to administer the test
  • how the test should be administered
  • to whom
  • how the test results should be interpreted
  • limitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Assumption 5?

A

Various Sources of Error are Part of the Assessment Process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mistake, miscalculation, etc. – In assessment: more that what is expected

A

Error

22
Q

the component of a test score attributable to sources other than the trait or ability measured

A

Error Variance

23
Q

What is Assumption 6?

A

Testing and Assessment Can be Conducted in a Fair & Unbiased Manner Assumption

24
Q

What is Assumption 7?

A

Testing and Assessment Benefit Society

25
Q

The raw score (X) obtained by any individual is made up of a true component/true score (T) and a random error (E) component

A

Classical Test Theory

26
Q

Formula for Classical Test Theory

A

X = T + A

27
Q

Assumes that the items selected for any one test are just sample of items from an infinite domain of potential items

A

Domain Sampling Theory

28
Q

Domain sampling is the most common CTT used for…

A

practical purposes

29
Q

Concerns of CTTs is to __ with random error of the raw score

A

cope

30
Q

The less random error in the measure, the more the raw score reflects the…

A

true score

31
Q

Assumptions of the Theory of True & Error Scores

A

– The raw score is made up of the true score plus random error (𝑋 = 𝑇 + 𝐸); the average of raw scores is the best estimate of the true score
– Random errors around the true score would be normally distributed; the expected value of error = 0
– Random errors are uncorrelated
– Random errors are uncorrelated to the T

32
Q

is consistent across an entire population

A

SEM

33
Q

As the test become longer, it becomes increasingly…

A

reliable

34
Q

The important statistics about test items (i.e. difficulty) is dependent on the sample of respondents being representative of the population

A

true

35
Q

Scores in the population are assumed to be

A

– A) measured at the interval level
– B) normally distributed
– When these are not met, Test Developers convert scores, combine scales, and others to ensure the assumption is met

36
Q

When item responses change, the properties of a test does not change

A

false

37
Q

Developed to address the shortcomings and limitations of the CTT

A

Item Response Theory (IRT)

37
Q

Who developed IRT

A

Lord and Novik (1968)

38
Q

CTT focus is on the pattern of responses the respondent makes to the set of items

A

no, this is IRT

39
Q

In IRT, it does not assume that all items are parallel

A

true

40
Q

CTT focus is on the single score that one obtains on the test

A

true

41
Q

In IRT, all items are treaterd as though they are parallel

A

false, this is CTT

42
Q

_______ there is a linkage between a response to any item on a test and the characteristic being assessed by the test.

A

Fundamental assumption:

43
Q
A
44
Q

Characteristic is a latent trait

A

true

45
Q

Linkage is the probability of a negative response to any single item on a test is a function of the individual’s level

A

false, it is postive response

46
Q

Critical feature that is analyzed in IRT is the entire pattern of item responses to all test items by an individual.

A

true

47
Q

If IRT: Pattern of Item Responses; then CTT:___

A

Raw Scores of the Test

48
Q

IRT: _____

A

Assessment of Measurement Error at any level of

49
Q

CTT:

A

Measurement Error is the same at every level of the test score

Psychological Assessment (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions