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S6- Neuro 2 > Week 8- Neurological Music Therapy > Flashcards

Week 8- Neurological Music Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

PART 1

A

PART 1

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2
Q

“There is ___ other stimulus on earth that engages our brain as simultaneously, as globally, as music does.”

A

-NO

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3
Q

What is Neurological Music Therapy (NMT)?

A

“Therapeutic application of music to cognitive, sensory, and motor dysfunction due to disease of the human nervous system”

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4
Q

What concept does NMT use?

A

Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS)

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5
Q

What is RAS?

A
  • A technique developed upon using rhythmic cues to elicit purposed physiological responses.
  • Elicits physiological effects of auditory rhythm on the motor system to improve the control of movement in patients with significant deficits due to neurological impairments.
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6
Q

What is our brain paying attention to when listening to music?

A

-Instead of paying attention to the beat, it pays attention to the space between each beat and taking a note of how much time is in between each beat.

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7
Q

Is the brain anticipating or reacting to the beat?

A

-Anticipating (anticipatory motor cueing)

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8
Q

PART 2

A

PART 2

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9
Q

What are the (4) Neurobiological Foundations of Neurologic Music Therapy?

A
  • Auditory System and Time Perception
  • Principle of Entrainment
  • Neural Entrainment
  • Time-Based Movement Optimization
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10
Q

Auditory System and Time Perception:

  • Auditory system has the ability to do what 2 things?
  • Is it faster or slower than other systems?
A
  • Rapidly construct stable temporal templates.
  • Detect temporal patterns in auditory signals.

-WAY FASTER

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11
Q

Principle of Entrainment:

  • Temporal ________ process in which one system’s motion or signal frequency entrains the frequency of another system.
  • _______ oscillator locks the _______ into its frequency, or if equal in strength the systems move towards each other.
A
  • locking

- stronger locks the weaker

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12
Q

Neural Entrainment:

  • Auditory system has richly distributed fiber connections to motor centers in spinal cord, brainstem, subcortical and cortical regions.
  • What are the (4) internal timekeepers?
  • What are external timekeepers?
  • What tract has many auditory pathways?
A
  1. ) Sensorimotor cortex, SMA
  2. ) Posterior inferior frontal gyrus (Broca’s)
  3. ) Cerebellum
  4. ) Basal Ganglia
  • Incoming sound
  • Reticulospinal tract
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13
Q

Time-Based Movement Optimization:

  • Rhythm provides precise __________ time cues for the brain to plan ahead and be ready.
  • Auditory stimulation primes the _______ system in a state of readiness to move. (increases response time and quality)
  • Modulates patterns of muscle activation and control of movement in space.
  • What is “patterned sensory enhancement”?
A
  • anticipatory
  • motor system
  • Using musical patterns to create functional movement patterns and sequencing to enhance direction and accuracy of movement.
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14
Q

PART 3

A

PART 3

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15
Q

In what 2 areas does most NMT research lie?

A
  • Stroke

- Parkinson’s Disease

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16
Q

What are some other areas that may benefit from NMT?

A
  • Brain Injury
  • Spinal Cord Injury (Incomplete)
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Multiple Sclerosis
17
Q

What are (3) things that NMT can help with in Stroke (CVA)?

A
  • Hemiparetic gait training
  • Spatio-temporal mobility**
  • Fine motor skills
18
Q

What are (2) things that NMT can help with in Parkinson’s Disease?

A
  • Initiation and regulation of mobility

- Reduction in fall risk

19
Q

What is (1) thing that NMT can help with in Disorders of Consciousness (DOC)?

A

-Emergence from coma in pediatrics

20
Q

What is (1) thing that NMT can help with in Epilepsy?

A

-Mozart = anti-epileptic effect!

21
Q

What are some of the biggest things that have been shown to improve with NMT? Which 2 have the most research?

A
  • GAIT SPEED
  • FALL RISK
  • Gait symmetry
  • Weight bearing
  • Cadence
  • Stride Length
  • Standing balance (BBS
  • Gait endurance (6mwt)
  • Balanced muscular activation (EMG)
  • Gait kinematics (COM vertical displacement, lateral displacement)
  • Executive Function
  • Attention
22
Q

Going beyond gait training, what else can NMT help with?

A
  • Coordination training
  • Balance Training
  • Visual-Perceptual Training
  • Upper extremity strengthening
  • Lower extremity strengthening
  • Pain management
  • Communication
  • Cognition - Memory, Attention, and more!
23
Q

NMT Common Inclusion Criteria:

  • Able to walk >___-___ft
  • ______ intact
  • MMSE >___
  • No major ____ dysfunction
  • Parkinsons: ___ = H&Y = ___
  • MS: exacerbation >___ days
A
  • Able to walk >20-100ft
  • Hearing intact
  • MMSE >24
  • No major CV dysfunction
  • Parkinsons: 1 = H&Y = 3
  • MS: exacerbation >30 days
24
Q

How should you format RAS into (3) phases?

A

Phase 1
-Warm-up: 1-2 minutes or trials of walking with RAS at preferred cadence.
Phase 2
-Gait training activities with RAS at 10% increase in cadence (bpm).
Phase 3
-Intermittent fading of RAS to train for independent carryover.

S6- Neuro 2 (18 decks)

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