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S6- Neuro 2 > Week 1- Vestibular A&P Review > Flashcards

Week 1- Vestibular A&P Review Flashcards

1
Q

PART 1: PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR SYSTEM - INTRO AND OTOLITH ORGANS

A

PART 1: PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR SYSTEM - INTRO AND OTOLITH ORGANS

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2
Q

What are the 3 main roles of the vestibular system?

A
  • Estimates body position and movement.
  • Postural control.
  • Control eye movements.
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3
Q

What is an additional role of the vestibular system?

A

-Autonomic function and consciousness.

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4
Q
  • What is pitch?
  • What is yaw?
  • What is roll?
A
  • Pitch = rotation around y-axis (flexion and extension).
  • Yaw = Rotation around z-axis (rotation).
  • Roll = Rotation around x-axis (side bending).

-Pitch (singer pitches up and down), Yaw (like naw nodding head no)

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5
Q

What structures make up the peripheral vestibular system? (2)

A
  • Vestibular Apparatus (body labyrinth, otolith organs, semi-circular canals)
  • CN 8- Vestibular branch
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6
Q

What structures make up the central vestibular system? (4)

A
  • Vestibular Nuclei
  • Vestibular Tracts
  • Vestibulocerebellum
  • Vestibular Cortex
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7
Q

Which system is mainly responsible for relaying information (velocity and acceleration of head)?

A

Peripheral Vestibular System

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8
Q

What are the (3) primary functions of the peripheral vestibular system?

A
  • Stabilize visual images on the fovea of the retina during head movement allow for clear vision.
  • Maintain postural stability, especially during movement of head.
  • Provide information for spatial orientation.
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9
Q

In the peripheral vestibular system, the ___________ labyrinth is suspended inside the _______ labyrinth and is protected by perilymphatic fluid and supportive connective tissue.

A
  • membranous

- bony

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10
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the membranous labyrinth?

A
  • Vestibule
  • Semicircular Canals
  • Cochlea
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11
Q

What are the 2 main otolith organs located in the vestibule?

A
  • Utricle

- Saccule

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12
Q
  • ________ detects movement in the horizontal plane.

- ________ detects movement in the vertical plane.

A
  • Utricle

- Saccule

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13
Q

Within the utricle and saccule there are hair cells known as __________ that detect movement and transduce minute displacements into behaviorally relevant potentials.

A

-Stereocilia

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14
Q
  • Movement of stereocilia towards kinocilium = ________.

- Movement of stereocilia away from kinocilium = ________.

A
  • EXCITATORY

- INHIBATORY

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15
Q
  • The hair cells (stereocilia) are encased in a gelatinous layer (macula) and on top of the hair cells are calcium carbonate crystals called what?
  • What does it do?
A
  • Otoconia
  • Helps to transmit tiny movements and make the organs more sensitive to movements since they are heavier than the structures below.
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16
Q

PART 2: PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR SYSTEM - SEMICIRCULAR CANALS

A

PART 2: PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR SYSTEM - SEMICIRCULAR CANALS

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17
Q

What are the (3) semicircular canals?

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Horizontal
18
Q

Semicircular canals are responsible for relaying information about ________ velocity while the otolith organs are responsible for relaying ________ velocity.

A
  • angular

- linear

19
Q
  • The semicircular canals are encased in the bony labyrinths and contains a fluid called what?
  • What does this fluid do?
A
  • Endolymph

- Head rotation causes movement of endolymph, which then causes movement of hair cells.

20
Q

The ampulla is a bulbous formation at the start or finish of each canal that contains the _______, which houses stereocilia and is sensitive to angular movements only.

A

-Cupula

21
Q
  • SCC hair displacements TOWARDS utricle = _________ cupular displacement
  • SCC hair displacement AWAY FROM utricle = _________ cupular displacement
A
  • Utriculopedal
  • Utriculofugal

(pedal forwards)

22
Q

Utriculopedal cupular displacement is _________ for the horizontal canal and __________ for the anterior/posterior canal.

A
  • Excitatory

- Inhibitory

23
Q

Utriculofugal cupular displacement is _________ for the anterior/posterior canal and __________ for the horizontal canal.

A
  • Excitatory

- Inhibitory`

24
Q

How are the 6 canals paired?

A
  • Horizontals paired.
  • R ant and L post paired.
  • L ant and R post paired.

(when one is excited the other is inhibited)

25
Q

PART 3: CENTRAL VESTIBULAR SYSTEM

A

PART 3: CENTRAL VESTIBULAR SYSTEM

26
Q

What are the 3 vestibular reflexes?

A
  • Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR)
  • Vestibulo-Spinal Reflex (VSR)
  • Vestibulo-Collic Reflex (VCR)
27
Q
  • Which reflex stabilizes vision during head motion?
  • Which reflex stabilizes body during head motion?
  • Which reflex stabilizes neck during head motion?
A
  • VOR
  • VSR
  • VCR
28
Q
  • The _________ can send down inhibitory drive when we need our eyes to do something outside VOR?
  • What is VOR Suppression (VOR Cancellation)?
A
  • Cerebellum

- Ability to follow a moving target with eyes and head moving. (watching a tennis ball)

29
Q

Describe the connection from vestibular to ocular nuclei.

A

Labyrinth → vestibular nuclei → ascending tracts (cross at MLF) → ocular motor nuclei (III, IV, VI)

30
Q
  • If we rotate our head to the left what canal is being excited, which is being inhibited?
  • If we are compensating with our eye movements what muscles will be excited during L rotation?
A
  • left, right

- L adductor, R abductor

31
Q

What is the purpose of the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR)?

A

-Generation of compensatory body movements to maintain head and postural stability.

32
Q

What are the (5) steps of the VSR?

A
  • Head tilts to side
  • Ipsilateral SCC/otolith excitation
  • ↑ Input from vestibular nerve  vestibular nuclei ipsilaterally
  • MVST/LVST descending drive to truncal muscles
  • ↑ Lateral truncal extension ipsilaterally/ ↑ truncal flexion contralaterally
33
Q

What are the (3) cervical reflexes?

A
  • Cervico-Ocular Reflex (COR)
  • Cervicospinal Reflex (CSR)
  • Cervicocollic Reflex (CCR)
34
Q

_____ interacts closely with and can supplement VOR under certain circumstances and involves eye movements driven by neck proprioceptors.

A

-COR

35
Q

_____ can supplement VSR under certain circumstances and involves changes in limb position driven by neck afferent activity.

A

-CSR

36
Q

_____ helps stabilize head on body and involves afferent input caused by changes in neck position (stretch) → contralateral reflexive contraction of appropriate neck muscles.

A

-CCR

37
Q

The central vestibular system relies on ________ AND _________ references.

A
  • Internal (vestibular)

- External (visual/somatosensory)

38
Q

What are the (4) main structures of the central vestibular system?

A
  • Vestibular Nuclei (lateral, medial, superior, inferior)
  • Vestibular Tracts (medial/lateral vestibulospinal, vestibulocerebellar)
  • Vestibulocerebellum
  • Vestibular Cortex
39
Q
  • ________ vestibulospinal tract is involved in head and body position in space, walking upright, and righting/equilibrium reactions.
  • ________ vestibulospinal tract is involved in head movements and integrating head and eye movements.
  • Both travel to neck ________ musculature.
A
  • Lateral
  • Medial
  • Extensor
40
Q

Vestibulocerebellum is responsible for postural and gaze stabilization via modulation of VOR and VSR by doing what?

A

-Suppressing/Cancellation

41
Q
  • The ______________ tract is important with intended vs actual movement/error correcting mechanism.
  • The _________-_________ loop involves adaptation of postural responses based on prior experiences.
A
  • Vestibulocerebellar

- Cerebellar/Cortical loop

S6- Neuro 2 (18 decks)

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