Week 8 Infection of Public Health Significance Flashcards

1
Q

Innate immune cells

A

Dentric cells are antigen presenting cells that form part of the immunological barrier of the mucus membrane

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2
Q

Accessory structures of the integument

A

Hair follicles, hair, sebaceous glands and sweat glands are all natural portals of entry

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3
Q

Wounding

A

Creates a direct portal of entry

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4
Q

Goblet cell function

A

Secretory defence

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5
Q

Dendritic cell function

A

Immunological defence

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6
Q

Keratinocyte Function

A

Barrier defence

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7
Q

Epithelial cell function

A

Barrier defence

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8
Q

Natural killer cell function

A

Immunological defence

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9
Q

Normal regional microbiota function (respiratory system)

A

Competitive inhibition

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10
Q

Nasal hairs function (respiratory system)

A

Trapping particular matter

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11
Q

Mucus function (respiratory system)

A

Trapping foreign material to prevent physical contact with mucus membranes

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12
Q

Collated epithelium function (respiratory system)

A

Movement of muscles and foreign material via the mucociliary escalator

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13
Q

Antimicrobial secretions function (respiratory system)

A

Destruction of infectious agents

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14
Q

Secretory immunoglobulin-A (IgA) function (respiratory system)

A

Neutralisation of infectious agents

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15
Q

Cough and sneeze reflex function (respiratory system)

A

expulsion of particles and secretions from the respiratory tract

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16
Q

Alveolar macrophages function (respiratory system)

A

Phagocytosis of foreign matter

17
Q

Tonsils and lymph nodes

A

Humoral and cellular immune response

18
Q

What are the major portals of entry and exit in the respiratory tract

A

Eyes, nasal cavity, oral cavity, ears,

19
Q

What is the purpose of public health

A

Protect the most vulnerable population members by improving overall health of the entire population

20
Q

Knowledge of what is required to ensure effective control of infectious outbreak of public health concern

A

The transmission
Reservoir
Incubation period
Treatment options
Host susceptibility
Portals of entry and exit

21
Q

Communicable diseases

A

Infectious agents that can be transmitted person to person via contact or common vehicle

22
Q

Vaccine preventable diseases

A

Vaccination aims to reduce the burden of disease in a population by creating herd immunity

23
Q

Multi drug resistant organisms

A

Aquire resistance genes as a results of selective pressure

24
Q

Why do lower respiratory tract infections occur

A

The innate immune response is impaired

25
Clinical AIDS occurs when
The CD4+ T-Lymphocyte count is <200/uL of blood
26
Chlamydia trachomatis
The most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in Australia
27
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Commonly associated with urethritis in males
28
Herpes simplex viruses are frequently associated
With fluid filled vesicles and ulcers
29
Human papilloma viruses cause
Gential warts on the the cervical and oropharyngeal mucosa
30
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: infectious agents
Accurate identification using cultivation genotyping medical imaging.
31
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: reservoirs
Endogenous and exogenous reservoirs Challenges occur because: people need to breathe Incubation and prodromal periods for some infections are long (asymptomatic for longer) Viral infection are usually self limiting and there’s no specific antivirals
32
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: portals of exit
Physical barriers and cough etiquette to protect the natural portals of entry
33
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: modes of transmission
Common vehicle and contact precautions with standard precautions
34
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: susceptible hosts
Vaccinations for herd immunity to protect the immunocompromised and those with co morbid conditions
35
Interrupting the chain of infection sexually transmitted
Rapid and accurate identification Antimicrobial therapy Presumptive treatment
36
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: reservoir
Humans - adherence to aseptic technique and hygiene practice regular check ups
37
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system:portals of exit
Universal precautions physical barriers in the oropharynx and anogenital mucosae
38
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: modes of transmission
Close contact identification Physical barriers
39
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: susceptible hosts
Diagnosis, treatment and ongoing management of co-infections