Week 8 Infection of Public Health Significance

Question 1

Innate immune cells

Answer 1

Dentric cells are antigen presenting cells that form part of the immunological barrier of the mucus membrane

Question 2

Accessory structures of the integument

Answer 2

Hair follicles, hair, sebaceous glands and sweat glands are all natural portals of entry

Question 3

Wounding

Answer 3

Creates a direct portal of entry

Question 4

Goblet cell function

Answer 4

Secretory defence

Question 5

Dendritic cell function

Answer 5

Immunological defence

Question 6

Keratinocyte Function

Answer 6

Barrier defence

Question 7

Epithelial cell function

Answer 7

Barrier defence

Question 8

Natural killer cell function

Answer 8

Immunological defence

Question 9

Normal regional microbiota function (respiratory system)

Answer 9

Competitive inhibition

Question 10

Nasal hairs function (respiratory system)

Answer 10

Trapping particular matter

Question 11

Mucus function (respiratory system)

Answer 11

Trapping foreign material to prevent physical contact with mucus membranes

Question 12

Collated epithelium function (respiratory system)

Answer 12

Movement of muscles and foreign material via the mucociliary escalator

Question 13

Antimicrobial secretions function (respiratory system)

Answer 13

Destruction of infectious agents

Question 14

Secretory immunoglobulin-A (IgA) function (respiratory system)

Answer 14

Neutralisation of infectious agents

Question 15

Cough and sneeze reflex function (respiratory system)

Answer 15

expulsion of particles and secretions from the respiratory tract

Question 16

Alveolar macrophages function (respiratory system)

Answer 16

Phagocytosis of foreign matter

Question 17

Tonsils and lymph nodes

Answer 17

Humoral and cellular immune response

Question 18

What are the major portals of entry and exit in the respiratory tract

Answer 18

Eyes, nasal cavity, oral cavity, ears,

Question 19

What is the purpose of public health

Answer 19

Protect the most vulnerable population members by improving overall health of the entire population

Question 20

Knowledge of what is required to ensure effective control of infectious outbreak of public health concern

Answer 20

The transmission
Reservoir
Incubation period
Treatment options
Host susceptibility
Portals of entry and exit

Question 21

Communicable diseases

Answer 21

Infectious agents that can be transmitted person to person via contact or common vehicle

Question 22

Vaccine preventable diseases

Answer 22

Vaccination aims to reduce the burden of disease in a population by creating herd immunity

Question 23

Multi drug resistant organisms

Answer 23

Aquire resistance genes as a results of selective pressure

Question 24

Why do lower respiratory tract infections occur

Answer 24

The innate immune response is impaired

Question 25

Clinical AIDS occurs when

Answer 25

The CD4+ T-Lymphocyte count is <200/uL of blood

Question 26

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 26

The most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in Australia

Question 27

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 27

Commonly associated with urethritis in males

Question 28

Herpes simplex viruses are frequently associated

Answer 28

With fluid filled vesicles and ulcers

Question 29

Human papilloma viruses cause

Answer 29

Gential warts on the the cervical and oropharyngeal mucosa

Question 30

Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: infectious agents

Answer 30

Accurate identification using cultivation genotyping medical imaging.

Question 31

Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: reservoirs

Answer 31

Endogenous and exogenous reservoirs
Challenges occur because:
people need to breathe
Incubation and prodromal periods for some infections are long (asymptomatic for longer)
Viral infection are usually self limiting and there’s no specific antivirals

Question 32

Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: portals of exit

Answer 32

Physical barriers and cough etiquette to protect the natural portals of entry

Question 33

Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: modes of transmission

Answer 33

Common vehicle and contact precautions with standard precautions

Question 34

Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: susceptible hosts

Answer 34

Vaccinations for herd immunity to protect the immunocompromised and those with co morbid conditions

Question 35

Interrupting the chain of infection sexually transmitted

Answer 35

Rapid and accurate identification
Antimicrobial therapy
Presumptive treatment

Question 36

Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: reservoir

Answer 36

Humans - adherence to aseptic technique and hygiene practice regular check ups

Question 37

Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system:portals of exit

Answer 37

Universal precautions physical barriers in the oropharynx and anogenital mucosae

Question 38

Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: modes of transmission

Answer 38

Close contact identification
Physical barriers

Question 39

Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: susceptible hosts

Answer 39

Diagnosis, treatment and ongoing management of co-infections