Week 8 Infection of Public Health Significance Flashcards
Innate immune cells
Dentric cells are antigen presenting cells that form part of the immunological barrier of the mucus membrane
Accessory structures of the integument
Hair follicles, hair, sebaceous glands and sweat glands are all natural portals of entry
Wounding
Creates a direct portal of entry
Goblet cell function
Secretory defence
Dendritic cell function
Immunological defence
Keratinocyte Function
Barrier defence
Epithelial cell function
Barrier defence
Natural killer cell function
Immunological defence
Normal regional microbiota function (respiratory system)
Competitive inhibition
Nasal hairs function (respiratory system)
Trapping particular matter
Mucus function (respiratory system)
Trapping foreign material to prevent physical contact with mucus membranes
Collated epithelium function (respiratory system)
Movement of muscles and foreign material via the mucociliary escalator
Antimicrobial secretions function (respiratory system)
Destruction of infectious agents
Secretory immunoglobulin-A (IgA) function (respiratory system)
Neutralisation of infectious agents
Cough and sneeze reflex function (respiratory system)
expulsion of particles and secretions from the respiratory tract
Alveolar macrophages function (respiratory system)
Phagocytosis of foreign matter
Tonsils and lymph nodes
Humoral and cellular immune response
What are the major portals of entry and exit in the respiratory tract
Eyes, nasal cavity, oral cavity, ears,
What is the purpose of public health
Protect the most vulnerable population members by improving overall health of the entire population
Knowledge of what is required to ensure effective control of infectious outbreak of public health concern
The transmission
Reservoir
Incubation period
Treatment options
Host susceptibility
Portals of entry and exit
Communicable diseases
Infectious agents that can be transmitted person to person via contact or common vehicle
Vaccine preventable diseases
Vaccination aims to reduce the burden of disease in a population by creating herd immunity
Multi drug resistant organisms
Aquire resistance genes as a results of selective pressure
Why do lower respiratory tract infections occur
The innate immune response is impaired
Clinical AIDS occurs when
The CD4+ T-Lymphocyte count is <200/uL of blood
Chlamydia trachomatis
The most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in Australia
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Commonly associated with urethritis in males
Herpes simplex viruses are frequently associated
With fluid filled vesicles and ulcers
Human papilloma viruses cause
Gential warts on the the cervical and oropharyngeal mucosa
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: infectious agents
Accurate identification using cultivation genotyping medical imaging.
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: reservoirs
Endogenous and exogenous reservoirs
Challenges occur because:
people need to breathe
Incubation and prodromal periods for some infections are long (asymptomatic for longer)
Viral infection are usually self limiting and there’s no specific antivirals
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: portals of exit
Physical barriers and cough etiquette to protect the natural portals of entry
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: modes of transmission
Common vehicle and contact precautions with standard precautions
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: susceptible hosts
Vaccinations for herd immunity to protect the immunocompromised and those with co morbid conditions
Interrupting the chain of infection sexually transmitted
Rapid and accurate identification
Antimicrobial therapy
Presumptive treatment
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: reservoir
Humans - adherence to aseptic technique and hygiene practice regular check ups
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system:portals of exit
Universal precautions physical barriers in the oropharynx and anogenital mucosae
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: modes of transmission
Close contact identification
Physical barriers
Interrupting the chain of infection respiratory system: susceptible hosts
Diagnosis, treatment and ongoing management of co-infections
