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NEUROANATOMY > Week 8: Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Week 8: Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Boundary of Hypothalamus

A

Optic chiasm and laminal terminalis

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2
Q

Lateral Boundary of Hypothalamus

A

Optic tract and internal capsule

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3
Q

Posterior Boundary of Hypothalamus

A

Cerebral Peduncles

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4
Q

Superior Boundary of Hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamic Sulcus and Thalamus

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5
Q

Preoptic Hypothalamic Region Location

A

Rostral to optic chiasm

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6
Q

Anterior Hypothalamic Region Location

A

Dorsal to optic chiasm

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7
Q

Middle Hypothalamic Region Location

A

Optic chiasm to mammillary bodies

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8
Q

Posterior Hypothalamic Region Location

A

Mammillary bodies and caudal

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9
Q

Periventricular Hypothalamic Zone Function

A

Endocrine control of anterior pituitary

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10
Q

Medial or Intermediate Hypothalamic Zone Function

A

Regulation of posterior pituitary and regulation of autonomics

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11
Q

Lateral Hypothalamic Zone Function

A

Integration of limbics

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12
Q

Periventricular Nucleus Functions

A

Releases GNRH, dopamine which inhibits prolactin, and somatostatin which inhibits growth hormone

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13
Q

Arcuate Nucleus Functions

A

Releases GNRH, somatostatin, growth hormone releasing hormone

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14
Q

Medial Preoptic Nucleus Functions

A

Releases gonadotropin releasing hormone

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15
Q

Paraventricular Nucleus Functions

A

Releases thyrotropin releasing hormone and corticotropin releasing hormone

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16
Q

Hormones Released to the Anterior Pituitary

A

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone
GNRH
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
Somatostatin
Dopamine

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17
Q

Medial Zone Controls What Organ?

A

Posterior pituitary

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18
Q

Supraoptic Nucleus Function

A

Secretes vasopressin and MINIMAL oxytocin

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19
Q

Paraventricular Nucleus Function With Respect to Posterior Pituitary

A

Secretes oxytocin and MINIMAL vasopressin

20
Q

Posterior Pituitary Function

A

Releases oxytocin and vasopressin directly into systemic circulation

21
Q

Vasopressin Function

A

Promotes water reabsorption to elevate blood pressure

22
Q

Oxytocin Function

A

Stimulates uterine contraction, milk release, and social bonding

23
Q

Medial Zone Origination Point

A

Paraventricular, dorsomedial, posterior and lateral hypothalamic nuclei

24
Q

Medial Zone Pathway FROM Hypothalamus

A

Medial forebrain bundle, dosolateral tegmentum, hypothalamospinal tract

25
Q

Dorsolateral Tegmentum Hypothalamic Synapse Pattern

A

Several synapses with cranial nerve autonomics

26
Q

Autonomic Coordinating Nuclei

A

Solitary nucleus
parabrachial nucleus
dorsal raphe nucleus
ventrolateral medulla
pontomedullar reticular formation

27
Q

Solitary Nucleus Autonomic Function

A

Viscerosensory information to the intermediolateral nuclei, thalamus, and hypothalamus

28
Q

Parabrachial Nucleus Autonomic Function

A

Viscerosensory information TO the forebrain and paraventricular nucleus

29
Q

Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Autonomic Function

A

Serotonin release to regulate pain reaction

30
Q

Vetrolateral Medulla Autonomic Function

A

Regulation of blood pressure

31
Q

Pontomedullary Reticular Formation Autonomic Function

A

Startle response

32
Q

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Sleep Wake Regulation

A

Ventral lateral preoptic, mammillary, and suprachiasmatic

33
Q

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Heat Dissipation

A

Anterior

34
Q

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Heat Retention

A

Posterior

35
Q

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Appetite Suppression

A

Ventromedial

36
Q

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Appetite Activation

A

Lateral

37
Q

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Thirst

A

Anterior

38
Q

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Limbic System

A

Lateral and mammillary

39
Q

Hypothalamic Tract of Circadian Rhythms

A

Retinohypothalamic tract

40
Q

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Sleep Initiation

A

Ventral Lateral Preoptic

41
Q

Structure of REM Initiation

A

Preoptic sleep center

42
Q

Structure of REM Inhibition

A

Lateral Hypothalamus

43
Q

Chemical of REM Inhibition

A

Orexin

44
Q

Decreased orexin receptors are linked to what pathology?

A

Narcolepsy

45
Q

Structures of Urine Control

A

Medial preoptic area and lateral hypothalamic area

46
Q

Pontine urination center projects to what?

A

Parasympathetic neurons that contract bladder

NEUROANATOMY (11 decks)

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