Week 4: Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, Cranial Nerve Pathways

Question 1

Parts of the Basal Ganglia

Answer 1

Striatum, Lenticular Nucleus, Substantia Nigra, Subthalamic Nucleus

Question 2

Parts of the Striatum

Answer 2

Putamen, Nucleus Accumbens, Caudate Nucleus

Question 3

Parts of the Lenticular Nucleus

Answer 3

Putamen, Globus Pallidus

Question 4

Parkinson’s Disease Cause

Answer 4

Lack of dopamine in the substantia nigra

Question 5

Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms

Answer 5

Resting tremors, cogwheel rigidity, shuffling gait

Question 6

Hyperkinetic Disorders

Answer 6

Hemiballismus, Huntington’s Disease

Question 7

Region Affected in Hemiballismus

Answer 7

Subthalamic Nucleus

Question 8

Hemiballismus Symptoms

Answer 8

Violent Involuntary Movement of Proximal Limbs

Question 9

Region Affected in Huntington’s Disease

Answer 9

Striatum

Question 10

Huntington’s Disease Symptoms

Answer 10

Dancing movements of distal limbs

Question 11

Functional Divisions of Cerebellum

Answer 11

Spinocerebellum, Cerebrocerebellum, Vestibulocerebellum

Question 12

Parts of Spinocerebellum

Answer 12

Vermis and paravermis

Question 13

Parts of Cerebrocerebellum

Answer 13

Lateral Hemispheres

Question 14

Parts of Vestibulocerebellum

Answer 14

Flocculonodular Lobe

Question 15

Spinocerebellum Function

Answer 15

Postural and movement control of trunk and limbs

Question 16

Cerebrocerebellum Function

Answer 16

Fine motor and nonmotor planning

Question 17

Vestibulocerebellum Function

Answer 17

Coordinating head and eye movements

Question 18

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

Answer 18

Dentate, Emboliform and Globose, Fastigial

Question 19

Dentate Nucleus Function

Answer 19

Relay Center of cerebrocerebellum to motor centers

Question 20

Emboliform and Globose Nuclei Functions

Answer 20

Relay nuclei of the spinocerebellum to motor centers

Question 21

Fastigial Nucleus Function

Answer 21

Project to Reticular Formations and Vestibular nuclei

Question 22

Function of Cerebellar Peduncles

Answer 22

Moves information in and out of the cerebellum

Question 23

Spinocerebellum Input Tracts from Lower Extremities and Trunk

Answer 23

Dorsal Spinocerebellar and Double Cross Ventral Spinocerebellar

Question 24

Spinocerebellum Input Tracts from Upper Extremities

Answer 24

Cuneucerebellar, Double Cross Rostral Spinocerebellar

Question 25

Spinocerebellar Fastigial Output Tract Destination

Answer 25

To reticular formation and reticulospinal tract, and vestibular nuclei and vestibulospinal Tract

Question 26

Spinocerebellar Interposed Output Tract Destination

Answer 26

To red nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus

Question 27

Vestibulocerebellar Input

Answer 27

Directly from vestibular afferents and from vestibular nuclei

Question 28

Vestibulocerebellar Output

Answer 28

Medial longitudinal fasciculus coordinating eye movement, medial vestibulospinal tract coordinating neck movement with eyes, lateral vestibulospinal tract maintaining balance

Question 29

Cerebrocerebellar Input

Answer 29

Corticopontine fibers pontine nuclei pontocerebellar tract to contralateral cerebellum, corticorubroolivary path to olivocerebellar tract

Question 30

Cerebrocerebellar Output

Answer 30

Dentathalamic fibers to ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus, fibers to red nucleus form loop through inferior olivary nucleus

Question 31

Cerebellar Cell Layers Superficial to Deep

Answer 31

Molecular, Purkinje, Granule Cell

Question 32

Granule Cell Layer Input

Answer 32

All pathways BUT the inferior olive

Question 33

Mossy Fiber Input

Answer 33

Inferior olive

Question 34

Purkinje Cell Input

Answer 34

Contralateral inferior olive and granule cells

Question 35

Purkinje Cell Output

Answer 35

Deep Nuclei

Question 36

Vestibulocerebellar Lesion

Answer 36

Wide gate and nystagmus

Question 37

Spinocerebellar Lesion

Answer 37

Ataxia, stomping gate

Question 38

Cerebrocerebellar Lesion

Answer 38

intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia

Question 39

Oculomotor and Edinger Westphal Nuclei Cranial Nerve and Location

Answer 39

CN III, rostral midbrain at level of red nucleus and superior colliculus

Question 40

Oculomotor and Edinger Westphal Nuclei Blood Supply

Answer 40

paramedian branches from basilar and posterior cerebral arteries

Question 41

Medial Logitudinal Fasiculus Function

Answer 41

Connects oculomotor nucleus top the nuclei of CN IV and VI

Question 42

Trochlear Nucleus Location

Answer 42

Caudal midbrain where CN IV fibers cross to contralateral side

Question 43

Trochlear Nucleus Blood Supply

Answer 43

paramedian branches from basilar and posterior cerebral arteries

Question 44

Trigeminal Motor Nucleus Location

Answer 44

Medial to principle sensory nucleus of pons

Question 45

Trigeminal Motor Nucleus Blood Supply

Answer 45

anterior inferior cerebellar or circumferential branches of basilar artery

Question 46

Abducens Nucleus Blood Supply

Answer 46

Dorsal aspect of caudal pons surrounded by fibers of facial nerve to form facial colliculus

Question 47

Abducens Nucleus Blood Supply

Answer 47

Paramedian branches of basilar

Question 48

Facial Nucleus Location

Answer 48

Ventral Area of Tegmentum in caudal pons

Question 49

Facial Nucleus Blood Supply

Answer 49

Anterior inferior cerebellar or circumferential branches of basilar

Question 50

Superior Salivatory Nucleus of Facial Nerve Location

Answer 50

Dorsomedial to facial nucleus in mid to caudal pons

Question 51

Nucleus ambiguus and Inferior Salivatory Nucleus Cranial Nerves and Location

Answer 51

CN IX, X, and XI in mid to central portion of rostral medulla

Question 52

Nucleus ambiguus and Inferior Salivatory Nucleus Blood Supply

Answer 52

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 53

Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus Location

Answer 53

Rostral medulla deep to vagal trigone

Question 54

Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus Blood Supply

Answer 54

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 55

Accessory Nucleus Location

Answer 55

Ventral horn of upper cervical cord

Question 56

Accessory Nucleus Blood Supply

Answer 56

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery OR vertebral artery

Question 57

Hypoglossal Nucleus Location

Answer 57

Rostral medulla deep to hypoglossal trigone where axons pass ventrally to emerge in the preolivary nucleus

Question 58

Hypoglossal Nucleus Blood Supply

Answer 58

Anterior Spinal Artery or vertebral artery