week 8 - how plants sense pathogens

Question 1

MAMPs -

Answer 1

microbe associated molecular patterns

Question 2

what are MAMPs

Answer 2

conserved molecules in pathogens that can elicit immune responses

-conserved across microbial genera

-not required for infection, but important biological roles

-not strictly found in pathogens (also other microbes)

-often surface exposed

-not present in the host

Question 3

MAMPs examples

Answer 3

flagellin

lipopolysaccharide

chitin

Question 4

why are MAMPs recognised

Answer 4

MAMP recognition via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) triggers plant defence responses

Question 5

how do pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) trigger signalling

Answer 5

PRRs feature extracellular and intracellular domains for recognition and signalling

Question 6

why do pathogens deliver effector molecules

Answer 6

pathogens deliver effectors inside their host to interfere with immunity and promote susceptibility

Question 7

role of microbial effectors

Answer 7

suppress the plants immune system response and/or contribute to the pathogens viability

Question 8

why do plants use a second type of immune receptor

Answer 8

they use immune receptors (resistance proteins) to recognise pathogen effectors

Question 9

do R proteins recognise effectors intracellulary or extraceullarly

Answer 9

intracellularly