WEEK 8: Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Question 1

PARTS OF THE BRAIN | REVIEW
A part of the brain involved in fear and fear memories.

Answer 1

Amygdala

Question 2

PARTS OF THE BRAIN | REVIEW
A part of the brain associated with declarative and episodic memory as well as recognition memory.

Answer 2

Hippocampus

Question 3

PARTS OF THE BRAIN | REVIEW
A part of the brain that plays a role in processing procedural memories, like for example playing the piano.

Answer 3

Cerebellum

Question 4

PARTS OF THE BRAIN | REVIEW
A part of the brain that appears to be involved in remembering semantic tasks.

Answer 4

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 5

MEMORY
A type of memory for specific experiences from our life which can include both episodic and semantic components.

Answer 5

Autobiographical Memory (AM)

Question 6

MEMORY
A type of memory that contains spatial, emotional, and sensory components.

Answer 6

Autobiographical Memory (AM)

Question 7

TRUE or FALSE | Autobiographical Memory (AM)
fMRI findings linked heightened activation of semantic brain areas to the experienced vividness of Autobiographical Memory (AM)

Answer 7

FALSE, there is linked heightened activation of visual brain areas to the experienced vividness of Autobiographical Memory (AM)

Question 8

EMOTIONAL SITUATION
An emotional situation, when processed through the Amygdala System, forms ________ ________ Memory.

Answer 8

Implicit Emotional Memory

Question 9

EMOTIONAL SITUATION
An emotional situation, when processed through the Hippocampal System, forms ________ Memory About _______ _________.

Answer 9

Explicit Memory About Emotional Situation

Question 10

THIS or THAT? | EMOTION
Emotions are associated with special events or events experienced by (one person | many people).

Answer 10

Emotions are associated with special events or events experienced by many people.

Question 11

THIS or THAT? | EMOTION
Emotions are associated with (better | worse) memory, but depend on the specific situation.

Answer 11

Emotions are associated with better memory, but depend on the specific situation.

Question 12

THIS or THAT? | EMOTION
Emotion is linked to (improved | impaired) memory consolidation.

Answer 12

Emotion is linked to improved memory consolidation.

Question 13

TRUE or FALSE? | EMOTION
Emotions can also impair memory.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

MEMORY
These are particular milestones and highly emotional events we remember years later, and are transition points in life

Answer 14

Memory Across Lifespan

Question 15

MEMORY ACROSS LIFESPAN
Memories for the _______ _____ occur after the Period of Childhood Amnesia and before the Period of Recency.

Answer 15

Reminiscence Bump

Question 16

MEMORY ACROSS LIFESPAN
Enhanced memory for adolescence and young adulthood typically found in people over 40.

Answer 16

Reminiscence Bump

Question 17

MEMORY ACROSS LIFESPAN
Refers to the scarcity of personal memories that occurred between the ages of 2 and 6 that can be recalled by adults.

Answer 17

Childhood Amnesia

Question 18

MEMORY ACROSS LIFESPAN
Special events and memories experienced in The Reminiscence Bump typically occur during _______ and _______ ____________.

Answer 18

Adolescence and Young Adulthood

Question 19

EXPLANATION FOR REMINISCENCE BUMP
A hypothesis stating that it is a period of assuming self-image.

Answer 19

Self-Image Hypothesis

Question 20

EXPLANATION FOR REMINISCENCE BUMP
A hypothesis stating that encoding is better diring periods of rapid change.

Answer 20

Cognitive Hypothesis

Question 21

EXPLANATION FOR REMINISCENCE BUMP
A hypothesis stating that **culturally shared expectations structure recall*.

Answer 21

Cultural Life Script Hypothesis

Question 22

FLASHBULB MEMORIES
Refers to a person’s memory for the circumstances surrounding a public, highly charged event.

Answer 22

Highly Emotional Event

Question 23

TRUE or FALSE | FLASHBULB MEMORIES
“It’s like you were there”, refers to memory for the circumstances surrounding how someone personally experienced an event.

Answer 23

FALSE, it refers to memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person heard about the event, not a memory for the event itself.

Question 24

The technique of comparing later memories to memories collected immediately after the event.

Answer 24

Repeated Recall

Question 25

A hypothesis that states one rehearses events after they occur.

Answer 25

Narrative Rehearsal Hypothesis

Question 26

**MEMORY** What people report as memories are constructed based on **what actually happened + additional factors**

Answer 26

Constructive Nature of Memory

Question 27

The process of **determining the origins of our memories**, knowledge or beliefs.

Answer 27

Source Monitoring

Question 28

**SOURCE MONITORING** Occurs when the source of a memory is **misidentified**.

Answer 28

Source Monitoring Error or Source Misattribution

Question 29

**SOURCE MONITORING** **Unconscious plagiarism** of the work of others.

Answer 29

Cryptoamnesia

Question 30

**SOURCE MONITORING** A **mental illusion** in which people believe that they have produced a new idea when in fact they have simply **unwittingly** retrieved an old previously encountered idea from memory.

Answer 30

Cryptoamnesia

Question 31

**SOURCE MONITORING** Occurs when reading a sentence leads a person to **expect that something is not explicitly stated** or implied by the sentence.

Answer 31

Pragmatic Inference

Question 32

**SOURCE MONITORING** Pragmatic Inference is based on one’s knowledge gained through …?

Answer 32

Experience

Question 33

**SOURCE MONITORING** This is a person’s knowledge about **some aspect of the environment**.

Answer 33

Schema

Question 34

**SOURCE MONITORING** Our conception of the **sequence of action**.

Answer 34

Script

Question 35

**SOURCE MONITORING** An effect that refers to the finding that **distinctiveness or unexpectancy aids memory** *(Ex. Surprises)*

Answer 35

Von Restoff Effect

Question 36

**SOURCE MONITORING** Wherein false memories may be due to **changes in one’s automatic activation process** or damage to the frontal source monitoring process.

Answer 36

DRM Paradigm

Question 37

**SOURCE MONITORING** What does **DRM** in DRM Paradigm stand for?

Answer 37

**D**eese **R**oediger **M*cDermott Paradigm

Question 38

**SOURCE MONITORING** In which part of the brain is one’s automatic activation process located?

Answer 38

Temporal Lobe

Question 39

**SOURCE MONITORING** Memory can be **influenced by suggestion**.

Answer 39

Misleading Post-Event Information

Question 40

**SOURCE MONITORING** Misleading Post-Event Information **(MPI)** is caused by _________ ___________ and ______ _________ _____.

Answer 40

Retroactive Interference and Source Monitoring Errors

Question 41

**ERRORS IN EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY** There are **4 errors**, namely: 1) Error due to _________ _________. 2) Error due to __________. 3) Error due to _________. 4) Increased confidence due to ______-_____ ________.

Answer 41

1) Error due to **emotional situation** 2) Error due to **familiarity** 3) Error due to **suggestion** 4) Increased confidence due to **post-event feedback**

Question 42

**SITUATIONAL | ERRORS IN EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY** The witness only knew that the criminal had brown hair, and misidentified them from the lineup provided — accusing instead a different and innocent person who had a similar hair color.

Answer 42

Error due to Familiarity

Question 43

**SITUATIONAL | ERRORS IN EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY** Upon being questioned at the stand, the victim’s brother became inconsolable and could not handle answering any relevant questions upon being asked details about the scene of the crime.

Answer 43

Error due to Emotional Situation

Question 44

**SITUATIONAL | ERRORS IN EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY** The prosecutor asked so many irrelevant questions all at once, the witness’ story began to crumble by how different their answers became compared to the actual truth.

Answer 44

Error due to Suggestion

Question 45

**SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** Reduced memory over time.

Answer 45

**Error:** Transience **Type:** Forgetting

Question 46

**SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** Inability to remember needed information.

Answer 46

**Error:** Blocking **Type:** Forgetting

Question 47

**SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** Reduced memory due to failing to pay attention.

Answer 47

**Error:** Absentmindedness **Type:** Forgetting

Question 48

**SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** Assigning memory to the wrong source.

Answer 48

**Error:** Misattribution **Type:** Distortion

Question 49

**SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** Altering a memory because of misleading information.

Answer 49

**Error:** Suggestibility **Type:** Distortion

Question 50

**SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** Influence of current knowledge on our memory for past events.

Answer 50

**Error:** Bias **Type:** Distortion

Question 51

**SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** The resurgence of unwanted or disturbing memories that we would like to forget.

Answer 51

**Error:** Persistence **Type:** Forgetting

Question 52

**SITUATIONAL | SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** It’s been so long since I read the Lord of the Rings, is it the one where they climb that evil-looking mountain or the one where they fight a gold-hoarding dragon?

Answer 52

**Error:** Transcience **Type:** Forgetting

Question 53

**SITUATIONAL | SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** I left my stupid umbrella on the stupid jeep kase malalate na ako sa Biochem.

Answer 53

**Error:** Absentmindedness **Type:** Forgetting

Question 54

**SITUATIONAL | SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** Ahh so ganyan talaga ugali nan? I knew I had a reason not to like him the moment he introduced himself to me. Now that I think about it, he was so rude.

Answer 54

**Error:** Bias **Type:** Distortion

Question 55

**SITUATIONAL | SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** Sobrang hiya ko kanina, binatian nya ako ng Happy Birthday eh nakalimutan ko pangalan niya so “Thanks… pre!” lang nasabi ko 😭.

Answer 55

**Error:** Blocking **Type:** Forgetting

Question 56

**SITUATIONAL | SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** I read on the confession board that someone vandalized one of the bathroom stalls. Now that I think about it, I’m pretty sure I remember someone leaving the same bathroom holding what looked like a spray can.

Answer 56

**Error:** Suggestibility **Type:** Distortion

Question 57

**SITUATIONAL | SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** No matter how hard I try, I can’t forget the hurt look on my brother’s face the day I told him I wasn’t proud of him.

Answer 57

**Error:** Persistence **Type:** Forgetting

Question 58

**SITUATIONAL | SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY** **Provide the Error and its Type.** Sayo ko ba narinig na may nagcheat dun sa Midterms o kay Ma’am..?

Answer 58

**Error:** Misattribution **Type:** Distortion