Week 8 - Ethanol

Question 1

What is the pharmacokinetics of ethanol?

Answer 1

a *may remove this question

Question 2

What is blood alcohol concentration?

Answer 2

The number of grams of alcohol in a 100 ml volume of blood. eg. 1 gram of alcohol in 100 ml of blood equates to a BAC of 1.0. (THIS IS VERY HIGH!)

Question 3

Explain the process of metabolism that alcohol goes through in the body

Answer 3

a

Question 4

Briefly explain fermentation:

Answer 4

IGNORE

Question 5

Briefly explain distillation

Answer 5

IGNORE

Question 6

What are the two main processes of producing commercial alcohol?

Answer 6

a

Question 7

Where is most alcohol absorbed from and why?

Answer 7

a

Question 8

Why is alcohol easily absorbed by tissues?

Answer 8

a

Question 9

What is the first metabolite of alcohol and what effects can this metabolite produce?

Answer 9

a

Question 10

What are the second metabolites of alcohol?

Answer 10

a

Question 11

How is alcohol eliminated from the body?

Answer 11

a

Question 12

What kinetics does alcohol elimination follow?

Answer 12

a

Question 13

What kinds of people would have worse reactions to alcohol?

Answer 13

lower levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 14

What neurotransmitter system does alcohol mainly act on?

Answer 14

a

Question 15

What are the two types of GABA receptors

Answer 15

a

Question 16

REMINDER: How is GABA synthesized?

Answer 16

a

Question 17

How does GABA act on GABA receptors

Answer 17

a

Question 18

What does it mean when we alcohol acts as a positive modulator of GABAa receptors?

Answer 18

a

Question 19

How does alcohol act on glutamate receptors? What glutamate receptors does it specifically act on?

Answer 19

a

Question 20

How does alcohol inadvertently influence the dopamine system? **

Answer 20

a

Question 21

What does it mean for alcohol to have a “see-saw” effect on glutamate and GABA?

Answer 21

a

Question 22

Explain the effects of alcohol at different concentrations.

Answer 22

a

Question 23

What are the positive subjective effects of alcohol?

Answer 23

a

Question 24

What are some severe adverse effects of high BAC?

Answer 24

a

Question 25

What is reversible drug-induced dementia and how is it thought to happen?

Answer 25

a

Question 26

How does alcohol act on calcium-gated ion channels and how does this affect neurotransmission?

Answer 26

a

Question 27

What is LTP?

Answer 27

a

Question 28

What is the medial septum responsible for and how does its activity relate to the hippocampus’s function?

Answer 28

a

Question 29

What are some physical and neurological characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

Answer 29

a

Question 30

What is acute tolerance? How is it influenced by alcohol concentration?*****

Answer 30

a

Question 31

What are the different types of alcohol tolerance? (x4)

Answer 31

a

Question 32

What is the primary concern of withdrawal?

Answer 32

a

Question 33

What are the two types of alcohol addiction?

Answer 33

a

Question 34

How is disulfiram used to treat alcohol addiction?

Answer 34

a

Question 35

What happens in stage 1 of withdrawal?

Answer 35

a

Question 36

What happens in stage 2 of withdrawal?

Answer 36

a

Question 37

What happens in stage 3 of withdrawal?

Answer 37

a

Question 38

What produces a hangover? *last slide from lecture (relisten)

Answer 38

1. overstimulation of the nervous system
2. build up of acetaldehyde
3. build up of acetate