Week 8 - Ethanol Flashcards
What is the pharmacokinetics of ethanol?
a *may remove this question
What is blood alcohol concentration?
The number of grams of alcohol in a 100 ml volume of blood. eg. 1 gram of alcohol in 100 ml of blood equates to a BAC of 1.0. (THIS IS VERY HIGH!)
Explain the process of metabolism that alcohol goes through in the body
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Briefly explain fermentation:
IGNORE
Briefly explain distillation
IGNORE
What are the two main processes of producing commercial alcohol?
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Where is most alcohol absorbed from and why?
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Why is alcohol easily absorbed by tissues?
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What is the first metabolite of alcohol and what effects can this metabolite produce?
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What are the second metabolites of alcohol?
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How is alcohol eliminated from the body?
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What kinetics does alcohol elimination follow?
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What kinds of people would have worse reactions to alcohol?
lower levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase
What neurotransmitter system does alcohol mainly act on?
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What are the two types of GABA receptors
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REMINDER: How is GABA synthesized?
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How does GABA act on GABA receptors
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What does it mean when we alcohol acts as a positive modulator of GABAa receptors?
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How does alcohol act on glutamate receptors? What glutamate receptors does it specifically act on?
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How does alcohol inadvertently influence the dopamine system? **
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What does it mean for alcohol to have a “see-saw” effect on glutamate and GABA?
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Explain the effects of alcohol at different concentrations.
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What are the positive subjective effects of alcohol?
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What are some severe adverse effects of high BAC?
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What is reversible drug-induced dementia and how is it thought to happen?
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How does alcohol act on calcium-gated ion channels and how does this affect neurotransmission?
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What is LTP?
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What is the medial septum responsible for and how does its activity relate to the hippocampus’s function?
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What are some physical and neurological characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?
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What is acute tolerance? How is it influenced by alcohol concentration?*****
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What are the different types of alcohol tolerance? (x4)
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What is the primary concern of withdrawal?
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What are the two types of alcohol addiction?
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How is disulfiram used to treat alcohol addiction?
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What happens in stage 1 of withdrawal?
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What happens in stage 2 of withdrawal?
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What happens in stage 3 of withdrawal?
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What produces a hangover? *last slide from lecture (relisten)
- overstimulation of the nervous system
- build up of acetaldehyde
- build up of acetate
