Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychopharmacology > Week 10 - Opioids > Flashcards

Week 10 - Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

What are opioids?

A

A large variety of drugs that play a major role in analgesia (ie. pain relief).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are naturally occurring opioids?

A

Morphine and codeine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are these natural versions extracted?

A

They are extracted from plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is one of the primary prodrugs of codeine?

A

Morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some of the semisynthetic versions of opioids?

A

Vitolin, Oxycodeine, ——

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

From what are semisynthetic versions of opioids produced?

A

They are produced from naturally occurring opioids????

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some examples of fully synthetic versions of opioids?

A

fentanyl, heroin, ummmmm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the source of the fully synthetic opioids?

A

it was another synthetic drug that was used as a source.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is more potent and why - fentanyl or morphine?

A

F is more potent and

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are opioids generally administered?

A

The preferred route depends on the particular drug and the purpose of using the drug. Can be taken in through IV, orally, inhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why heroin preferred over morphine for recreational purposes?

A

Heroin is able to pass through the BBB much more quickly (it is more lipid soluble).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are opioids generally metabolized?

A

In the liver, they are metabolized and many of the metabolites themselves act as opioids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the metabolites of morphine?

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the metabolites of codeine?

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the metabolites of heroin?

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the metabolites of acetylcodeine?

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the endogeneous opioid system?

A

The system involving neuropeptide transmitters and their receptors and site of actions????

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are neuropeptide transmitters?

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are propeptides and how do the neuropeptides form from these propeptides?

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the different propeptides?

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the endogenous opioid peptides (opiopeptins)?

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the different families of opiopeptins?

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the precursor and the peptides of the enkephalins?

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the precursor and the peptides of the endorphins?

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the precursor and the peptides of the dynorphins?

A

a

26
Q

What are the different opioid receptors?

A

a

27
Q

Where is an effect seen across all opioid receptors?

A

a

28
Q

What are the effects of mu receptors on systemic and peripheral sites of actions?

A

a

29
Q

What are the effects of kappa receptors on systemic and peripheral sites of actions?

A

a

30
Q

What are the effects of delta receptors on systemic and peripheral sites of actions?

A

a

31
Q

What receptors does B-endorphin act on?

A

a

32
Q

What receptors do Met-enkephalins and leu-enkephalins act on?

A

a

33
Q

What receptors does Dynorphin A and B act on?

A

a

34
Q

What receptors does Neoendorphines act on

A

a

35
Q

What receptors does Nociceptin act on?

A

a

36
Q

What is ORL-1 and how does it differ from other opioid receptors?

A

a

37
Q

What type of receptors are opioid receptors?

A

a

38
Q

What is the end result of opioid receptors being bound to by neuropeptides?

A

reduce neurotransmission??? reducing metabolic activity within cells

39
Q

What are some (possible) mechanisms that opioid receptors cause inhibitory action?

A

Inhibition of adenyl cyclase - a net decrease of adenyl cyclase in the post-synaptic neuron.

Inwardly rectifying the K+ channel.

40
Q

What is the role of adenyl cyclase?

A

a

41
Q

What are GIRK? channels?

A

a

42
Q

Which regions of the CNS and PNS do most opioid receptors reside in?

A

a

43
Q

What is nociception?

A

a

44
Q

How does opioid action influence certain pathways around the brain?*****

A

a

45
Q

What are the two nociception pathways?

A

a

46
Q

What is the role of the Dorsal horn in nociception?

A

a

47
Q

Where do opioids inhibit the pain signal?

A

a

48
Q

What are the reinforcing and analgesic effects of opioids?

A

a

49
Q

When is glutamate released and when is substance P released when pain signals are initiated?

A

a

50
Q

How does adaption to opioids happen? Specifically, how is the inhibitory action of opioids countered?

A

a

51
Q

Which opioid receptor do most opioid drugs act on?

A

a

52
Q

What are pure opioid receptor agonists?

A

a

53
Q

What are partial opioid receptor agonists?

A

a

54
Q

What are pure opioid receptor antagonists?

A

a

55
Q

What are mixed opioid agonist-antagonists?

A

a

56
Q

What are the different phases of opioid agonists and what are the subject effects that characterize these phases?

A

a

57
Q

What is the conditioned place preference?

A

a

58
Q

What roles do NMDA and glutamate play on morphine action?

A

a

59
Q

What are the adverse effects of opioid overdose?

A

a

60
Q

What are the acute pharmacological effects of opioids?

A
  1. Analgesic
61
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of opioid addiction?

A
  1. Reduced pain sensitivity
62
Q

What are the different detoxication programs for opioid addiction?

A

a

Psychopharmacology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions