week 8 communication and diversity issues

Question 1

Examples of characteristics of bad communication (Burns 363-419, 442-463)

Answer 1

truth (being right), blame (problem=other person’s fault), martyrdom (claim to be innocent victim), put-down (other person=loser bc “always/never” does certain things), hopelessness (giving up, no point), demandingness (entitled to better tx but refuse to ask for what you want directly), denial (insist you don’t feel anger/hurt/sad when you do), passive aggression (pout/withdraw/say nothing but slam doors), self-blame (act as if you’re an awful/terrible person), helping (instead of listening, you try to solve problem), sarcasm (words/tone of voice=tension/hostility), scapegoating (other person=has problem and you are not involved), defensiveness (refuse to admit wrongdoing), counterattack (you respond to their criticism by criticizing them), and diversion (list grievances about past injustices)
(p.365)

Question 2

Five secrets of effective communication (Burns 363-419, 442-463)

Answer 2

p. 419
1. disarming technique (find some truth)
2. empathy (thought - paraphrase; feeling - acknowledge)
3. inquiry (gentle, probing questions)
4. “i feel” statements
5. stroking (find something positive to say)

Question 3

Thought empathy vs. feeling empathy (Burns 363-419, 442-463)

Answer 3

thought empathy: paraphrase other person’s words
feeling empathy: acknowledge how they’re feeling

Question 4

Examples of attitudes that keep you from expressing your feelings (Burns 363-419, 442-463)

Answer 4

?

Question 5

Examples of attitudes that keep you from listening (Burns 363-419, 442-463)

Answer 5

?

Question 6

what is non-assertiveness (passive)? characteristics and components? examples? (Davis 233-261 and handouts)

Answer 6

opinions, feelings, and wants are withheld altogether or expressed indirectly and only in part; “i’m weak and inferior and you’re powerful and right”

Question 6

what is assertiveness? characteristics and components? examples? (Davis 233-261 and handouts)

Answer 6

clearly state opinions, feelings and wants without violating the rights of others; “you and i have our differences but we are equally entitled to express ourselves to one another”

Question 7

what is aggressiveness? characteristics and components? examples? (Davis 233-261 and handouts)

Answer 7

opinions, feelings and wants are honestly stated but at expense of someone else’s feelings; “i’m superior and right, you’re inferior and wrong”
p.238

Question 8

Steps of assertion (Davis 233-261 and handouts)

Answer 8

step 1idenify basic interpersonal style (aggressive, assertive, passive)
step 2 assertiveness questionnaire
step 3 describe problem scenes
step 4 script for change
step 5 assertive nonverbal communication
step 6 assertive listening
step 7 arriving at a workable compromise
step 8 avoiding manipulation

Question 9

Basic rules for assertive body language (Davis 233-261 and handouts)

Answer 9

1. maintain direct eye contact
2. maintain erect body posture
3. speak clearly, calmly and firmly
4. don’t whine or use an apologetic or hostile tone of voice
5. use gestures and facial expressions for emphasis that are same w/ what you have to say

Question 10

Technique: Broken record (Davis 233-261 and handouts)

Answer 10

when someone won’t take no for an answer/refuses to grant a reasonable request, choose a concise sentence to use as broken-record statement to say over and over againt
“yes, but” “yes, i know and my point is” “i agree and”
p. 259

Question 11

technique: defusing (Davis 233-261 and handouts)

Answer 11

ignore the content of someone’s anger and put off further discussion until they have calmed down; “i can see that you are very upset and angry right now. let’s discuss it later this afternoon” p.259

Question 12

technique: content-to-process shift (Davis 233-261 and handouts)

Answer 12

shift focus of discussion from topic to an analysis of what is going on between 2 people; “we’re getting off point now” p.259

Question 13

technique: assertive agreement (Davis 233-261 and handouts)

Answer 13

acknowledge criticism you agree w/ “you’re right, i did..” p.259

Question 14

technique: assertive inquiry (Davis 233-261 and handouts)

Answer 14

invite criticism to find out what is really bothering the other person “i understand you don’t like the way…what was it about my behavior that bothered you? what is it about me that is so…?”

Question 15

Heen’s steps to say “no” (heen)

Answer 15

step 1: good yes or bad yes? (say yes to the things that matter the most to you)
step 2: saying yes to something implicitly means saying no to something else
step 3: buy yourself some time; waiting 24 hours before making any decision (let me get back to you)
step 4: “yes, if”
step 5: affirm the relationship, say no to request and express appreciation for having been asked
p.193

Question 16

Rules for softened start-up (heen)

Answer 16

1. be concise
2. initial startup complaint sentence - complain but don’t blame
3. start w/ something positive
4. make statements that start w/ “I” instead of “YOU”
5. describe what is happening, don’t evaluate or judge
6. talk clearly about what you need
   p.214

Question 17

Examples of ideas (heen)

Answer 17

?

Question 18

T/F Research shows that there is as much diversity within groups as there is between groups (Wenzel et al; Hays)

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Why do therapists need to consider the cultural influences on their clients as well as themselves? (Wenzel et al; Hays)

Answer 19

influence of culture can be complicated; culture influences thoughts/behavior/feelings/actions; if culture understood=formation of therapeutic relationship easier

Question 20

Five ways CBT is well-suited for multicultural work (Wenzel et al; Hays)

Answer 20

1. emphasizes individualized interventions + case conceptualization
2. emphasizes client is expert of themselves (for learning current+future skills)
3. emphasizes learning and education consciously
4. focuses on understanding client’s cultural strengths + supports desired change
5. looking at environment’s impact on behavior = important b/c CBT founded in behaviorism

Question 21

Noted limitations of CBT’s multicultural applications (Wenzel et al; Hays)

Answer 21

1. focus on present; overlooking patient’s history
2. research on spirituality/religion = ignored
3. cbt assumed to be value-neutral

Question 22

With what does culturally responsive practice begin? (Wenzel et al; Hays)

Answer 22

begins w/ therapist’s personal work

Question 23

Explain the importance of distinguishing between environmental and cognitive stressors (Wenzel et al; Hays)

Answer 23

distinction guides the tx and interventions needed

Question 24

What does CLASS stand for? (Wenzel et al; Hays)

Answer 24

a) C = Creating a healthy environment
b) L = Learning something new (habit, skill, information)
c) A = Assertiveness, conflict resolution + other communication skills
d) S = Social Support
e) S = Self-care activities (physical, emotional, spiritual)

Question 25

How is biculturalism a useful concept in psychotherapy? (Wenzel et al; Hays)

Answer 25

used to emphasize advantage of learning multiple skill sets to increase
repertoire of skills (so client can flexibly choose and adapt)

Question 26

Explain the idea of cultural strengths and provide examples of how they can be used in psychotherapy (Wenzel et al; Hays)

Answer 26

client is able to recognize and label own individual and cultural strengths

Question 27

Ways culture can affect homework (Wenzel et al; Hays)

Answer 27

1. hw options limited by cultural context
2. hw options influenced by preferences of types of hw
3. word “hw” may be off-putting; can be changed to activity/practice

Question 28

what is the key to intimacy, friendship and success in business? (Burns 363-419, 442-463)

Answer 28

ability to handle conflict successfully (p.363)

Question 29

what are the 2 properties of good communication? (burns 363-419, 442-463)

Answer 29

express feelings openly and directly; encourage the other person to express their feelings (p.364)