Week 8-chapter 11

Question 1

Anorexia

Answer 1

Loss of appetite

Question 2

Dsyphagia

Answer 2

Difficulty swallowing

Question 3

Transfer dysphagia

Answer 3

Difficulty swallowing due to difficulty moving food from mouth to esophagus

Question 4

Transport dysphagia

Answer 4

Difficulty swallowing due to difficulty moving food down the esophagus

Question 5

Delivery Dysphagia

Answer 5

Difficulty swallowing due to difficulty moving from esophagus to stomach

Question 6

What type of age related changes can impact nutrition

Answer 6

Dental changes

Decreased chemical production

Atrophy of the stomach

Reduced signals to tissue

Change in tissue structure and function

Question 7

Changes in calorie quantity over time

Answer 7

Required amount of specific nutrients change

Question 8

What causes the reduction of need for calories in older adults

Answer 8

Increase in adipose tissue

Less lean body mass

Basal metabolic rate declines

Activity level reduces

Question 9

Must the quantity and quality of calories be monitored

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What age is it recommended that calorie intake be reduced

Answer 10

Fourth decade

Question 11

What eating habit causes increased risk of cognitive impairment

Answer 11

Low protein intake plus high calorie and sugar intake

Question 12

How much fat should be consumed

Answer 12

Less than 30% of calories

Question 13

Benefits of soluble fiber

Answer 13

Lowers serum cholesterol and improves glucose tolerance

Question 14

Should the older adult reduce carbs

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What percent of calories should come from protein

Answer 15

10-20 %

Question 16

What electrolytes/vitamins absorption ability reduces with age

Answer 16

Calcium

Vitamin D

Magnesium

Question 17

How many servings of fruits and vegetables should the older adult have

Answer 17

At least 5 per day

Question 18

What happens to mypyramind for people over 70

Answer 18

It becomes modified

Question 19

Are there RDAs specifically for older adults

Answer 19

No

Question 20

Must you compensate for dietary deficiencies

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Most common dietary deficits

Answer 21

Niacin

Riboflavin

Thiamine

Vitamin B6

VItamin C

Vitamin D

Question 22

Adverse effects of extended or or excessive use of supplements

Answer 22

Calcium deposits

Blood clots

Masking deficiencies

Impaired ability to absorb other minerals

Arrythmias

Cardiac arrest

Question 23

Adverse effects of herbs

Answer 23

Cardiac arrest

Upset GI

Edema

Fever

Headache

Chemical levels

Skin issues

Insomnia

Vertigo

Question 24

What causes loss of total body fluid

Answer 24

ICF

Question 25

Recommended fluid intake

Answer 25

Males-16 glass per day of water Females-11 glasses per day water

Question 26

Reasons older adults may consume less fluid

Answer 26

Reduction in thirst Incontenince fear Lack of fluids to drink Altered mood or cognition Nausea vomiting GI distreds

Question 27

Risks if fluid restriction

Answer 27

Infection Constipation Reduced ability of bladder to expand(distensibility) Fluid and electrolyte imbalance BUN level above 60 mg/dl Confusion

Question 28

Effects of overhydration

Answer 28

Decreased cardiovascular and renal function

Question 29

Does dental care impact our nutrition

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

What causes tooth loss

Answer 30

Periodontal disease

Question 31

Should the nurse educate patient about signs of periodontal disease

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

Signs of periodontal disease

Answer 32

Bleeding,red, swollen, or painful gums Pus on gum line Chronic bad breath Loose teath

Question 33

What should be avoided in oral care

Answer 33

Lemon glycerin swa High alcohol mouth wash

Question 34

Are older adults getting better at preserving teeth

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

Indigestion and food intolerance

Answer 35

Decreased stomach motility Less gastric secretion Slower emptying time

Question 36

Nursing interventions for indigestion and food intolerance

Answer 36

Avoid fried foods Identify food intolerances Sit in high fowlers position while eating and up to 30 minutes after eating Insure enough fluid intake and activity

Question 37

Causes of anorexia

Answer 37

Meds Inactivity Physical illness Age related changes

Question 38

Steps for treating anorexia

Answer 38

Identify cause Monitor intake, output, and weight

Question 39

How much weight loss requires evaluation

Answer 39

Greater than 5% in one mont 10% in 6 months

Question 40

Causes of dysphagia

Answer 40

Stroke GERD

Question 41

Does Dysphagia increase with age

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

Referral for dysphagia

Answer 42

Speech therapist

Question 43

Causes of constipation

Answer 43

Slower peristalsis Inactivity Medication Reduced fiver and fluids

Question 44

Is constipation common in older adults

Answer 44

Yes

Question 45

Preventative measures for constipation

Answer 45

Fluids Fruits and veggies Activity Proper bowel habits

Question 46

Causes of Malnutrition

Answer 46

Taste and smell changes Effects of meds Reduced mastication Slower peristalsis

Question 47

Signs of clinical malnutrition

Answer 47

Significant weight loss Weight 10% below or 20% above ideal range Serum albumin lower than 3.5 g/100 mL Hemoglobin below 12 g/dL Hematocrit below 35%

Question 48

Other signs of malnutrition

Answer 48

Delirium Depression Pallor Lethargy Fatigue

Question 49

Factors that impact nutritional status

Answer 49

Physical Mental Socioeconomic Cultural ethnic Religious

Question 50

What type of assessment is essential to address nutritional needs

Answer 50

Nutritional ass.

Question 51

Food programs for the elderly

Answer 51

Snap Meals on wheels Congregate eating programs Shopping and mela prep help Home attendant for feeding assistance