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Nurs 100 > Week 8-chapter 11 > Flashcards

Week 8-chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite

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2
Q

Dsyphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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3
Q

Transfer dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing due to difficulty moving food from mouth to esophagus

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4
Q

Transport dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing due to difficulty moving food down the esophagus

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5
Q

Delivery Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing due to difficulty moving from esophagus to stomach

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6
Q

What type of age related changes can impact nutrition

A

Dental changes

Decreased chemical production

Atrophy of the stomach

Reduced signals to tissue

Change in tissue structure and function

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7
Q

Changes in calorie quantity over time

A

Required amount of specific nutrients change

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8
Q

What causes the reduction of need for calories in older adults

A

Increase in adipose tissue

Less lean body mass

Basal metabolic rate declines

Activity level reduces

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9
Q

Must the quantity and quality of calories be monitored

A

Yes

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10
Q

What age is it recommended that calorie intake be reduced

A

Fourth decade

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11
Q

What eating habit causes increased risk of cognitive impairment

A

Low protein intake plus high calorie and sugar intake

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12
Q

How much fat should be consumed

A

Less than 30% of calories

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13
Q

Benefits of soluble fiber

A

Lowers serum cholesterol and improves glucose tolerance

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14
Q

Should the older adult reduce carbs

A

Yes

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15
Q

What percent of calories should come from protein

A

10-20 %

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16
Q

What electrolytes/vitamins absorption ability reduces with age

A

Calcium

Vitamin D

Magnesium

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17
Q

How many servings of fruits and vegetables should the older adult have

A

At least 5 per day

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18
Q

What happens to mypyramind for people over 70

A

It becomes modified

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19
Q

Are there RDAs specifically for older adults

A

No

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20
Q

Must you compensate for dietary deficiencies

A

Yes

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21
Q

Most common dietary deficits

A

Niacin

Riboflavin

Thiamine

Vitamin B6

VItamin C

Vitamin D

22
Q

Adverse effects of extended or or excessive use of supplements

A

Calcium deposits

Blood clots

Masking deficiencies

Impaired ability to absorb other minerals

Arrythmias

Cardiac arrest

23
Q

Adverse effects of herbs

A

Cardiac arrest

Upset GI

Edema

Fever

Headache

Chemical levels

Skin issues

Insomnia

Vertigo

24
Q

What causes loss of total body fluid

A

ICF

25
Q

Recommended fluid intake

A

Males-16 glass per day of water

Females-11 glasses per day water

26
Q

Reasons older adults may consume less fluid

A

Reduction in thirst

Incontenince fear

Lack of fluids to drink

Altered mood or cognition

Nausea

vomiting

GI distreds

27
Q

Risks if fluid restriction

A

Infection

Constipation

Reduced ability of bladder to expand(distensibility)

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

BUN level above 60 mg/dl

Confusion

28
Q

Effects of overhydration

A

Decreased cardiovascular and renal function

29
Q

Does dental care impact our nutrition

A

Yes

30
Q

What causes tooth loss

A

Periodontal disease

31
Q

Should the nurse educate patient about signs of periodontal disease

A

Yes

32
Q

Signs of periodontal disease

A

Bleeding,red, swollen, or painful gums

Pus on gum line

Chronic bad breath

Loose teath

33
Q

What should be avoided in oral care

A

Lemon glycerin swa

High alcohol mouth wash

34
Q

Are older adults getting better at preserving teeth

A

Yes

35
Q

Indigestion and food intolerance

A

Decreased stomach motility

Less gastric secretion

Slower emptying time

36
Q

Nursing interventions for indigestion and food intolerance

A

Avoid fried foods

Identify food intolerances

Sit in high fowlers position while eating and up to 30 minutes after eating

Insure enough fluid intake and activity

37
Q

Causes of anorexia

A

Meds

Inactivity

Physical illness

Age related changes

38
Q

Steps for treating anorexia

A

Identify cause

Monitor intake, output, and weight

39
Q

How much weight loss requires evaluation

A

Greater than 5% in one mont

10% in 6 months

40
Q

Causes of dysphagia

A

Stroke

GERD

41
Q

Does Dysphagia increase with age

A

Yes

42
Q

Referral for dysphagia

A

Speech therapist

43
Q

Causes of constipation

A

Slower peristalsis

Inactivity

Medication

Reduced fiver and fluids

44
Q

Is constipation common in older adults

A

Yes

45
Q

Preventative measures for constipation

A

Fluids

Fruits and veggies

Activity

Proper bowel habits

46
Q

Causes of Malnutrition

A

Taste and smell changes

Effects of meds

Reduced mastication

Slower peristalsis

47
Q

Signs of clinical malnutrition

A

Significant weight loss

Weight 10% below or 20% above ideal range

Serum albumin lower than 3.5 g/100 mL

Hemoglobin below 12 g/dL

Hematocrit below 35%

48
Q

Other signs of malnutrition

A

Delirium

Depression

Pallor

Lethargy

Fatigue

49
Q

Factors that impact nutritional status

A

Physical
Mental
Socioeconomic
Cultural
ethnic
Religious

50
Q

What type of assessment is essential to address nutritional needs

A

Nutritional ass.

51
Q

Food programs for the elderly

A

Snap

Meals on wheels

Congregate eating programs

Shopping and mela prep help

Home attendant for feeding assistance

Nurs 100 (11 decks)

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