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HLTH331 > Week 8: Appetite regulation > Flashcards

Week 8: Appetite regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Why has obesity and diabetes become so prevalent?

A

Portion size has increased
We stopped moving
Generated a positive energy balance

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2
Q

Why is the decision to eat food so complex?

A

Psychological and environmental factors
Initiation/termination of meals, size, composition, frequency
Lifestyle habits, drive to seek tasty foods, enjoyment, social

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3
Q

Steps involved in the physiology of energy intake

A

1) Afferent peripheral hormone signalling
2) Central integration
3) Efferent signalling
4) Behavioural change

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4
Q

Episodic signals

A

Short term (meal-meal)
ex. gastrointestinal and exercise

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5
Q

Tonic signals

A

Long-term (days and weeks)
ex. body composition and exercise

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6
Q

2 different afferent peripheral hormone signals

A
  1. Appetite stimulating (orexigenic)
  2. Satiety stimulating (anorexigenic)
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7
Q

What organs are involved in energy intake?

A

Stomach
Intestine
Pancreas
Adipose tissue

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8
Q

Orexigenic neurohormone

A

Ghrelin

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9
Q

Anorexigenic neurohormones

A

PYY
GLP-1
Leptin
CCK
Insulin

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10
Q

What neurohromone is secreted by the stomach?

A

Ghrelin
(must be acylated)

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11
Q

What neurohormones are secreted from the intestine?

A

PYY (peptide YY)
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide)
CCK

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12
Q

What neurohormones are secreted from the pancreas?

A

PP (pancreatic polypeptide)

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13
Q

What neurohormone is secreted by adipose tissue?

A

Leptin

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14
Q

Orexigenic neuropeptides

A

NPY (neuropeptide Y)
AgRP (agouti-related peptide)

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15
Q

Anorexigenic neuropeptides

A

POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) which is quickly converted to alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
CART (cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript)

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16
Q

Arcuate nucleus

A

Integrates peripheral signals from neurohormones which generates a response that can eventually generate a behavioural action
*generates release of neuropeptides

17
Q

Role of the vagus nerve in energy intake

A

Important source of indirect neuronal stimulation
Composed of efferent/afferent sensory fibres
May be directly involved with CNS or indirectly involved with peripheral peptides

18
Q

Low intensity continuous exercise

A

<50% VO2 max

19
Q

Moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICT)

A

50-70% VO2 max

20
Q

High intensity continuous exercise (HICT)

A

> 70% of VO2 max

21
Q

Study 1 results IL-6 and lactate

A

Exercise generates an increase in IL-6, especially at higher intensities
SIT results in the largest increase in lactate

22
Q

Study 1 results ghrelin and hunger

A

More ghrelin 90 min after MICT session compared to control
SIT resulted in ghrelin being at the same level as it was prior to exercise
VICT and SIT not as hungry immediately following exercise

23
Q

Study 1 results- energy intake

A

On day of exercise intervention the SIT group ate less
Day after exercise intervention VICT and SIT ate less

24
Q

Study 2 results

A

Bicarbonate group had more lactate and a reduction in ghrelin and a lower appetite

25
Q

Study 3- results

A

Obese individuals have higher IL-6 and less ghrelin, PYY and GLP-1 than lean individuals

26
Q

Study 4- results

A

After exercise in the follicular phase there is a greater reduction in ghrelin

27
Q

What is adipose tissue a depot for?

A

Energetic errors- more energy we consume goes to fat tissue
- but the type of exercise you do can help

28
Q

What is the role of tryptophan in hunger regulation?

A

Essential amino acid, precursor for serotonin production
Increases dopamine

29
Q

What is the role of endocannabinoids in hunger regulation?

A

Activates PYY and GLP-1

30
Q

What is the role of short chain fatty acids in hunger regulation?

A

Activates GLP-1
Activates AgRP/NPY

HLTH331 (9 decks)

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