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Anatomy of the Trunk > Week 8 - Abdominal Wall & Neurovasculature > Flashcards

Week 8 - Abdominal Wall & Neurovasculature Flashcards

* Review the detailed structures and arrangemnts of the anterior abdominal wall, skin, superficial & deep fascia, and muscles * Understand the cutaneous nerve supply and its clinical application

1
Q

What are hepatic veins?

A

Veins that drain deoxygenated blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava

The hepatic veins play a crucial role in returning blood to the heart after it has been processed by the liver.

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2
Q

What is the function of the inferior vena cava?

A

It carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium of the heart

The inferior vena cava is one of the largest veins in the body.

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3
Q

What does the right renal vein drain?

A

Deoxygenated blood from the right kidney

The right renal vein is shorter than the left renal vein due to the position of the inferior vena cava.

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4
Q

What is the role of the right testicular vein?

A

It drains deoxygenated blood from the right testis to the inferior vena cava

The right testicular vein typically drains directly into the inferior vena cava.

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5
Q

What does the left adrenal vein drain?

A

Deoxygenated blood from the left adrenal gland

The left adrenal vein typically drains into the left renal vein.

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6
Q

What is the function of the left renal vein?

A

It drains deoxygenated blood from the left kidney to the inferior vena cava

The left renal vein is longer than the right renal vein.

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7
Q

What does the left testicular vein drain?

A

Deoxygenated blood from the left testis to the left renal vein

The left testicular vein generally drains into the left renal vein before reaching the inferior vena cava.

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8
Q

What is the role of the left common iliac vein?

A

It drains blood from the left leg and pelvic region into the inferior vena cava

The common iliac veins are formed by the union of the internal and external iliac veins.

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9
Q

What is the origin of the External Oblique muscle?

A

Ribs 5 – 12

The External Oblique originates from the lower eight ribs.

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10
Q

What are the insertions of the External Oblique muscle?

A
  • Xiphoid process
  • Linea alba
  • Pubic crest
  • Pubic tubercle
  • Iliac crest

These are the key anatomical landmarks where the External Oblique attaches.

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the External Oblique muscle?

A

T7 – T12, L1 -> Iliohypogastric & Ilioinguinal

This innervation indicates the spinal nerves that supply the External Oblique.

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12
Q

What is the blood supply to the External Oblique muscle?

A
  • Lower posterior intercostal arteries,
  • Subcostal arteries
  • Deep circumflex iliac artery

These arteries provide the necessary blood flow to the muscle.

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13
Q

What are the main actions of the External Oblique muscle?

External Oblique Muscle
A
  • Flexes trunk
  • Compresses abdominal wall
  • Rotates trunk
  • Forced expiration

These actions are essential for movements involving the torso.

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14
Q

What are the related structures associated with the External Oblique muscle?

A
  • Superficial inguinal ring
  • Triangular defect
  • Spermatic cord
  • External spermatic fascia
  • Inguinal ligament

These structures are anatomically related to the External Oblique.

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15
Q

What is the origin of the Internal Oblique muscle?

Internal Oblique Muscle
A
  • Lumbar fascia
  • Iliac crest
  • Lateral 2/3 inguinal ligament

The Internal Oblique has a broad origin that contributes to its function.

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16
Q

What are the insertions of the Internal Oblique muscle?

Internal Oblique Muscle
A
  • Ribs 9 – 12 (including costal cartilage)
  • Xiphoid process
  • Linea alba
  • Symphysis pubis

These insertion points help in trunk movement.

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the Internal Oblique muscle?

A

T7 – T12, L1 -> Iliohypogastric & Ilioinguinal

The same spinal nerves innervate both the Internal and External Oblique muscles.

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18
Q

What is the blood supply to the Internal Oblique muscle?

Internal Oblique Muscle
A
  • Lower posterior intercostal arteries
  • Subcostal arteries
  • Superior & Inferior Epigastric arteries
  • Superficial & Deep circumflex arteries
  • Posterior lumbar arteries

This extensive blood supply is crucial for muscle function.

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19
Q

What are the main actions of the Internal Oblique muscle?

A
  • Flexes trunk
  • Compresses abdominal wall
  • Rotates trunk
  • Forced expiration

Similar to the External Oblique, these actions contribute to core stability.

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20
Q

What structure does the Conjoint tendon connect to?

A
  • Pubic crest
  • Pectineal line

This tendon is formed by the lower free border of the Internal Oblique and Transversus muscles.

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21
Q

What is the origin of the Transversus abdominis muscle?

Transversus Abdominis
A
  • Costal Cartilage 7 – 12
  • Lumbar fascia
  • Iliac crest
  • Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

The Transversus abdominis muscle plays a key role in abdominal compression.

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22
Q

What are the insertions of the Transversus abdominis muscle?

Transversus Abdominis Muscle
A
  • Xiphoid process
  • Linea alba
  • Symphysis pubis

These insertion points assist in compressing abdominal contents.

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23
Q

What are the main actions of the Transversus abdominis muscle?

Transversus Abdominis Muscle
A

Compresses abdominal contents

This muscle primarily functions to stabilize and compress the abdomen.

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24
Q

What is the origin of the Rectus Abdominis muscle?

Rectus Abdominis Muscle
A
  • Symphysis of pubis
  • Pubic crest

The Rectus Abdominis is a key muscle in the abdominal wall.

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25
Q

What are the insertions of the Rectus Abdominis muscle?

Rectus Abdominus Muscle
A
  • Costal cartilage 5 – 7
  • Xiphoid process

These insertions allow for effective flexion of the trunk.

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26
Q

What is the blood supply to the Rectus Abdominis muscle?

A
  • Superior & Inferior Epigastric arteries
  • Contributions from posterior intercostal arteries
  • Subcostal arteries
  • Deep circumflex artery

The blood supply is vital for the muscle’s metabolic needs.

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27
Q

What are the main actions of the Rectus Abdominis muscle?

A
  • Flexes trunk
  • Compresses abdominal viscera
  • Expiration
  • Rotates trunk
  • Pelvic stabilisation

These actions are essential for core stability and movement.

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28
Q

What anatomical feature is formed by the Rectus Abdominis when contracted?

A

Linea semilunaris

This curved ridge is a distinct feature of the Rectus Abdominis.

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29
Q

How many transverse tendinous intersections are present in the Rectus Abdominis?

A

3

These intersections contribute to the muscle’s segmented appearance.

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30
Q

What is the action of the Pyramidalis muscle?

A

Tenses Linea alba

The Pyramidalis assists in maintaining tension in the abdominal wall.

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31
Q

What is the cutaneous nerve supply of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Muscles of the Anterior Abdominal Wall
A

Ant rami of T7-L1 nerves

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32
Q

Which thoracic nerves supply the abdominal wall?

A

T7 - T12

lower 5 intercostal & subcostal nerves

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33
Q

What are the dermatomes of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

T7 epigastric, T10 umbilicus, L1 just above inguinal ligament & pubic symphysis

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34
Q

What are the two superficial abdominal fascias?

A
  • Camper’s fascia - continuous with superficial fat
  • Scarpa’s fascia - thinner & denser membranous layer over the abdominal wall muscles
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35
Q

What is the membranous layer of the abdominal fascia called?

A

Scarpa’s fascia

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36
Q

How does Scarpa’s fascia transition laterally?

A

Fades out laterally and becomes continuous with superficial fascia of back and thorax

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37
Q

What structure does Scarpa’s fascia pass onto?

A

Front of thigh, fuses with deep fascia just below inguinal ligament

38
Q

What is the function of the deep fascia in the abdomen?

A

Thin layer of connective tissue covering muscles, deep to membranous layer

39
Q

Name the four main anterior abdominal muscles.

A
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
  • Transversus abdominis
  • Rectus abdominis

Pyramidalis Muscle may also be present

40
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

Long fibrous envelope enclosing rectus abdominis & pyramidalis

41
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ muscle is innervated by T7-T12 and the iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal nerves.

A

External oblique

42
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique muscle?

A
  • Iliac crest
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Lat 2/3 of Inguinal Ligament
43
Q

What are the major branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  • Coeliac Trunk
  • Superior mesenteric artery
  • Inferior mesenteric artery
44
Q

What structures does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A
  • Distal 1/3 of Transverse Colon
  • Descending Colon
  • Sigmoid Colon
  • Rectum
45
Q

What are the components of the portal venous system?

A
  • Splenic vein
  • Superior mesenteric vein

Join to form the Hepatic Portal Vein

46
Q

True or False: The inferior vena cava is formed by the union of the common iliac veins.

47
Q

What does the right gastric artery supply?

A

Pylorus & lesser curvature of stomach

48
Q

What is the function of the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery?

A

Supply head of pancreas

49
Q

What arteries supply the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A
  • Superior epigastric
  • Inferior epigastric
  • Deep circumflex iliac artery
  • Lower 2 posterior intercostal arteries
50
Q

What do the paraumbilical veins drain?

A

Anterior part of abdominal wall & diaphragm

Umbilical region of skin

51
Q

What two structures form the portal vein?

A
  • Splenic vein
  • Superior mesenteric vein
52
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ fascia lies between the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum.

A

Extraperitoneal

53
Q

What artery runs superiorly and enters the rectus sheath, running deep to the rectus abdominis?

A

Inferior epigastric artery

This artery is associated with the abdominal wall and the inferior umbilical region.

54
Q

Which artery runs on the deep aspect of the anterior abdominal wall, parallel to the inguinal ligament?

A

Deep circumflex iliac artery

This artery supplies the iliacus muscle and the abdominal wall.

55
Q

What artery runs in subcutaneous tissue along the inguinal ligament?

A

Superficial circumflex iliac artery

This artery supplies the superficial abdominal and inguinal regions of the anterior thigh.

56
Q

Which artery runs in subcutaneous tissue toward the umbilicus?

A

Superficial epigastric artery

This artery supplies the superficial abdominal region above the pubic area.

57
Q

What is the venous drainage network of the anterior abdominal wall above the umbilicus?

A
  • Superior epigastric vein (medial)
  • Musculophrenic vein (lateral)

This network drains into the lateral thoracic and axillary veins.

58
Q

What drains the venous blood from the superficial epigastric and great saphenous veins?

A

Femoral veins

These veins are part of the drainage system for the lower limbs.

59
Q

What type of venous anastomoses are found in the small paraumbilical region?

A

Systemic venous anastomoses

These drain into internal thoracic and external iliac veins.

60
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the anterior abdominal wall above the umbilicus?

A

Anterior axillary group

This group collects lymph from the upper abdominal area.

61
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

These nodes collect lymph from the lower abdominal region.

62
Q

What is the innervation of the Transversus Abdominis muscle?

A
  • T7-T12
  • L1 - Iliohypogastric & Ilioinguinal
63
Q

What is the Blood Supply of the Transversus Abdominis muscle?

A
  • Superior & Inferior Epigastric arteries
    Contributions from:
  • Posterior intercostal arteries
  • Subcostal arteries
  • Deep Circumflex arteries
64
Q

What is the Origin of the Pyramidalis muscle?

A

Anterior surface of Pubis

65
Q

What is the Insertion of the Pyramidalis muscle?

A

Linea Alba

66
Q

What is the Innervation of the Pyramidalis muscle?

67
Q

What is the Innervation of the Rectus Abdominis muscle?

68
Q

What is the origin of the Musculophrenic artery?

A

Internal thoracic artery

The Musculophrenic artery is a branch of the internal thoracic artery.

69
Q

Where does the Musculophrenic artery descend?

A

Along the costal margin

It descends in a direction parallel to the lower edge of the ribs.

70
Q

What is the distribution of the Musculophrenic artery?

A
  • Superficial and deep abdominal wall of the hypochondriac region
  • Anterolateral diaphragm

Supplies blood to the diaphragm and the upper lateral abdominal wall.

71
Q

What is the origin of the Superior epigastric artery?

A

Internal thoracic artery

The Superior epigastric artery branches from the internal thoracic artery.

72
Q

Where does the Superior epigastric artery descend?

A

In rectus sheath deep to rectus abdominis

It runs within the sheath that encases the rectus abdominis muscle.

73
Q

What is the distribution of the Superior epigastric artery?

A
  • Rectus abdominis muscle
  • Superficial and deep abdominal wall of the epigastric and upper umbilical regions

Supplies the central part of the abdominal wall.

74
Q

What is the origin of the 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries?

A

Aorta

These arteries branch directly from the descending aorta.

75
Q

What is the course of the 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries?

A

Continue beyond ribs to descend in the abdominal wall between internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

They provide blood supply to the lateral abdominal wall.

76
Q

What is the distribution of the 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries?

A

Superficial and deep abdominal wall of the lateral (lumbar or flank) region

These arteries help supply the lumbar region of the abdomen.

77
Q

What is the origin of the Subcostal artery?

A

Aorta

The Subcostal artery also branches from the descending aorta.

78
Q

What is the course of the Subcostal artery?

A

Continue beyond ribs to descend in the abdominal wall between internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

Similar to the posterior intercostal arteries, they descend in the same area.

79
Q

What is the distribution of the Subcostal artery?

A

Superficial and deep abdominal wall of the lateral (lumbar or flank) region

It supplies the same area as the 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries.

80
Q

What is the origin of the Inferior epigastric artery?

A

External iliac artery

The Inferior epigastric artery branches from the external iliac artery.

81
Q

What is the course of the Inferior epigastric artery?

A
  • Runs superiorly and enters rectus sheath
  • Runs deep to rectus abdominis

It ascends towards the abdominal wall.

82
Q

What is the distribution of the Inferior epigastric artery?

A
  • Rectus abdominis muscle
  • Deep abdominal wall of pubic and inferior umbilical regions

Supplies the lower part of the abdominal wall.

83
Q

What is the origin of the Deep circumflex iliac artery?

A

External iliac artery

This artery also branches from the external iliac artery.

84
Q

What is the course of the Deep circumflex iliac artery?

A

Runs on deep aspect of the anterior abdominal wall, parallel to the inguinal ligament

It follows the inguinal ligament closely.

85
Q

What is the distribution of the Deep circumflex iliac artery?

A
  • Iliacus muscle and deep abdominal wall of the inguinal region
  • Iliac fossa

Supplies blood to the iliacus muscle and surrounding areas.

86
Q

What is the origin of the Superficial circumflex iliac artery?

A

Femoral artery

The Superficial circumflex iliac artery is a branch of the femoral artery.

87
Q

What is the course of the Superficial circumflex iliac artery?

A

Runs in subcutaneous tissue along the inguinal ligament

It travels just beneath the skin.

88
Q

What is the distribution of the Superficial circumflex iliac artery?

A

Superficial abdominal wall of inguinal region and adjacent anterior thigh

Supplies the superficial structures in these areas.

89
Q

What is the origin of the Superficial epigastric artery?

A

Femoral artery

This artery also branches off from the femoral artery.

90
Q

What is the course of the Superficial epigastric artery?

A

Runs in subcutaneous tissue toward the umbilicus

It ascends towards the belly button.

91
Q

What is the distribution of the Superficial epigastric artery?

A

Superficial abdominal wall of the pubic and inferior umbilical regions

Supplies the lower abdominal wall.

Anatomy of the Trunk (13 decks)

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