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Anatomy of the Trunk > Week 8 - Abdominal Wall & Neurovasculature > Flashcards

Week 8 - Abdominal Wall & Neurovasculature Flashcards

* Review the detailed structures and arrangemnts of the anterior abdominal wall, skin, superficial & deep fascia, and muscles * Understand the cutaneous nerve supply and its clinical application

1
Q

What are hepatic veins?

A

Veins that drain deoxygenated blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava

The hepatic veins play a crucial role in returning blood to the heart after it has been processed by the liver.

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2
Q

What is the function of the inferior vena cava?

A

It carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium of the heart

The inferior vena cava is one of the largest veins in the body.

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3
Q

What does the right renal vein drain?

A

Deoxygenated blood from the right kidney

The right renal vein is shorter than the left renal vein due to the position of the inferior vena cava.

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4
Q

What is the role of the right testicular vein?

A

It drains deoxygenated blood from the right testis to the inferior vena cava

The right testicular vein typically drains directly into the inferior vena cava.

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5
Q

What does the left adrenal vein drain?

A

Deoxygenated blood from the left adrenal gland

The left adrenal vein typically drains into the left renal vein.

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6
Q

What is the function of the left renal vein?

A

It drains deoxygenated blood from the left kidney to the inferior vena cava

The left renal vein is longer than the right renal vein.

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7
Q

What does the left testicular vein drain?

A

Deoxygenated blood from the left testis to the left renal vein

The left testicular vein generally drains into the left renal vein before reaching the inferior vena cava.

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8
Q

What is the role of the left common iliac vein?

A

It drains blood from the left leg and pelvic region into the inferior vena cava

The common iliac veins are formed by the union of the internal and external iliac veins.

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9
Q

What is the origin of the External Oblique muscle?

A

Ribs 5 – 12

The External Oblique originates from the lower eight ribs.

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10
Q

What are the insertions of the External Oblique muscle?

A
  • Xiphoid process
  • Linea alba
  • Pubic crest
  • Pubic tubercle
  • Iliac crest

These are the key anatomical landmarks where the External Oblique attaches.

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the External Oblique muscle?

A

T7 – T12, L1 -> Iliohypogastric & Ilioinguinal

This innervation indicates the spinal nerves that supply the External Oblique.

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12
Q

What is the blood supply to the External Oblique muscle?

A
  • Lower posterior intercostal arteries,
  • Subcostal arteries
  • Deep circumflex iliac artery

These arteries provide the necessary blood flow to the muscle.

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13
Q

What are the main actions of the External Oblique muscle?

External Oblique Muscle
A
  • Flexes trunk
  • Compresses abdominal wall
  • Rotates trunk
  • Forced expiration

These actions are essential for movements involving the torso.

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14
Q

What are the related structures associated with the External Oblique muscle?

A
  • Superficial inguinal ring
  • Triangular defect
  • Spermatic cord
  • External spermatic fascia
  • Inguinal ligament

These structures are anatomically related to the External Oblique.

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15
Q

What is the origin of the Internal Oblique muscle?

Internal Oblique Muscle
A
  • Lumbar fascia
  • Iliac crest
  • Lateral 2/3 inguinal ligament

The Internal Oblique has a broad origin that contributes to its function.

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16
Q

What are the insertions of the Internal Oblique muscle?

Internal Oblique Muscle
A
  • Ribs 9 – 12 (including costal cartilage)
  • Xiphoid process
  • Linea alba
  • Symphysis pubis

These insertion points help in trunk movement.

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the Internal Oblique muscle?

A

T7 – T12, L1 -> Iliohypogastric & Ilioinguinal

The same spinal nerves innervate both the Internal and External Oblique muscles.

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18
Q

What is the blood supply to the Internal Oblique muscle?

Internal Oblique Muscle
A
  • Lower posterior intercostal arteries
  • Subcostal arteries
  • Superior & Inferior Epigastric arteries
  • Superficial & Deep circumflex arteries
  • Posterior lumbar arteries

This extensive blood supply is crucial for muscle function.

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19
Q

What are the main actions of the Internal Oblique muscle?

A
  • Flexes trunk
  • Compresses abdominal wall
  • Rotates trunk
  • Forced expiration

Similar to the External Oblique, these actions contribute to core stability.

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20
Q

What structure does the Conjoint tendon connect to?

A
  • Pubic crest
  • Pectineal line

This tendon is formed by the lower free border of the Internal Oblique and Transversus muscles.

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21
Q

What is the origin of the Transversus abdominis muscle?

Transversus Abdominis
A
  • Costal Cartilage 7 – 12
  • Lumbar fascia
  • Iliac crest
  • Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

The Transversus abdominis muscle plays a key role in abdominal compression.

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22
Q

What are the insertions of the Transversus abdominis muscle?

Transversus Abdominis Muscle
A
  • Xiphoid process
  • Linea alba
  • Symphysis pubis

These insertion points assist in compressing abdominal contents.

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23
Q

What are the main actions of the Transversus abdominis muscle?

Transversus Abdominis Muscle
A

Compresses abdominal contents

This muscle primarily functions to stabilize and compress the abdomen.

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24
Q

What is the origin of the Rectus Abdominis muscle?

Rectus Abdominis Muscle
A
  • Symphysis of pubis
  • Pubic crest

The Rectus Abdominis is a key muscle in the abdominal wall.

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25
What are the **insertions** of the Rectus Abdominis muscle?
* Costal cartilage 5 – 7 * Xiphoid process ## Footnote These insertions allow for effective flexion of the trunk.
26
What is the **blood supply** to the Rectus Abdominis muscle?
* Superior & Inferior Epigastric arteries * Contributions from posterior intercostal arteries * Subcostal arteries * Deep circumflex artery ## Footnote The blood supply is vital for the muscle's metabolic needs.
27
What are the **main actions** of the Rectus Abdominis muscle?
* Flexes trunk * Compresses abdominal viscera * Expiration * Rotates trunk * Pelvic stabilisation ## Footnote These actions are essential for core stability and movement.
28
What **anatomical feature** is formed by the Rectus Abdominis when contracted?
Linea semilunaris ## Footnote This curved ridge is a distinct feature of the Rectus Abdominis.
29
How many transverse tendinous intersections are present in the Rectus Abdominis?
3 ## Footnote These intersections contribute to the muscle's segmented appearance.
30
What is the **action** of the Pyramidalis muscle?
Tenses Linea alba ## Footnote The Pyramidalis assists in maintaining tension in the abdominal wall.
31
What is the **cutaneous nerve supply** of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
Ant rami of T7-L1 nerves
32
Which thoracic nerves supply the abdominal wall?
T7 - T12 ## Footnote lower 5 intercostal & subcostal nerves
33
What are the **dermatomes** of the anterior abdominal wall?
- T7 epigastric - T10 umbilicus - L1 just above inguinal ligament & pubic symphysis
34
What are the two superficial abdominal fascias?
* Camper's fascia - continuous with superficial fat * Scarpa's fascia - thinner & denser membranous layer over the abdominal wall muscles
35
What is the membranous layer of the abdominal fascia called?
Scarpa's fascia
36
How does Scarpa's fascia transition laterally?
Fades out laterally and becomes continuous with superficial fascia of back and thorax
37
What structure does Scarpa's fascia pass onto?
Front of thigh, fuses with deep fascia just below inguinal ligament
38
What is the function of the deep fascia in the abdomen?
Thin layer of connective tissue covering muscles, deep to membranous layer
39
Name the four main anterior abdominal muscles.
* External oblique * Internal oblique * Transversus abdominis * Rectus abdominis ## Footnote Pyramidalis Muscle may also be present
40
What is the rectus sheath?
Long fibrous envelope enclosing rectus abdominis & pyramidalis
41
Fill in the blank: The _______ muscle is innervated by T7-T12 and the iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal nerves.
External oblique
42
What is the **origin** of the internal oblique muscle?
* Iliac crest * Thoracolumbar fascia * Lat 2/3 of Inguinal Ligament
43
What are the major branches of the abdominal aorta?
* Coeliac Trunk * Superior mesenteric artery * Inferior mesenteric artery
44
What structures does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
* Distal 1/3 of Transverse Colon * Descending Colon * Sigmoid Colon * Rectum
45
What are the components of the portal venous system?
* Splenic vein * Superior mesenteric vein ## Footnote Join to form the Hepatic Portal Vein
46
True or False: The inferior vena cava is formed by the union of the common iliac veins.
True
47
What does the right gastric artery supply?
Pylorus & lesser curvature of stomach
48
What is the function of the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery?
Supply head of pancreas
49
What arteries supply the anterolateral abdominal wall?
* Superior epigastric * Inferior epigastric * Deep circumflex iliac artery * Lower 2 posterior intercostal arteries
50
What do the paraumbilical veins drain?
Anterior part of abdominal wall & diaphragm ## Footnote Umbilical region of skin
51
What two structures form the portal vein?
* Splenic vein * Superior mesenteric vein
52
Fill in the blank: The _______ fascia lies between the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum.
Extraperitoneal
53
What artery runs superiorly and enters the rectus sheath, running deep to the rectus abdominis?
Inferior epigastric artery ## Footnote This artery is associated with the abdominal wall and the inferior umbilical region.
54
Which artery runs on the deep aspect of the anterior abdominal wall, parallel to the inguinal ligament?
Deep circumflex iliac artery ## Footnote This artery supplies the iliacus muscle and the abdominal wall.
55
What artery runs in subcutaneous tissue along the inguinal ligament?
Superficial circumflex iliac artery ## Footnote This artery supplies the superficial abdominal and inguinal regions of the anterior thigh.
56
Which artery runs in subcutaneous tissue toward the umbilicus?
Superficial epigastric artery ## Footnote This artery supplies the superficial abdominal region above the pubic area.
57
What is the venous drainage network of the anterior abdominal wall above the umbilicus?
* Superior epigastric vein (medial) * Musculophrenic vein (lateral) ## Footnote This network drains into the lateral thoracic and axillary veins.
58
What drains the venous blood from the superficial epigastric and great saphenous veins?
Femoral veins ## Footnote These veins are part of the drainage system for the lower limbs.
59
What type of venous anastomoses are found in the small paraumbilical region?
Systemic venous anastomoses ## Footnote These drain into internal thoracic and external iliac veins.
60
What is the lymph drainage of the anterior abdominal wall above the umbilicus?
Anterior axillary group ## Footnote This group collects lymph from the upper abdominal area.
61
What is the lymph drainage of the anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus?
Superficial inguinal nodes ## Footnote These nodes collect lymph from the lower abdominal region.
62
What is the **innervation** of the Transversus Abdominis muscle?
* T7-T12 * L1 - Iliohypogastric & Ilioinguinal
63
What is the **Blood Supply** of the Transversus Abdominis muscle?
* Superior & Inferior Epigastric arteries Contributions from: * Posterior intercostal arteries * Subcostal arteries * Deep Circumflex arteries
64
What is the **Origin** of the Pyramidalis muscle?
Anterior surface of Pubis
65
What is the **Insertion** of the Pyramidalis muscle?
Linea Alba
66
What is the **Innervation** of the Pyramidalis muscle?
T12
67
What is the **Innervation** of the Rectus Abdominis muscle?
T7-12
68
What is the **origin** of the Musculophrenic artery?
Internal thoracic artery ## Footnote The Musculophrenic artery is a branch of the internal thoracic artery.
69
Where does the Musculophrenic artery descend?
Along the costal margin ## Footnote It descends in a direction parallel to the lower edge of the ribs.
70
What is the **distribution** of the Musculophrenic artery?
* Superficial and deep abdominal wall of the hypochondriac region * Anterolateral diaphragm ## Footnote Supplies blood to the diaphragm and the upper lateral abdominal wall.
71
What is the **origin** of the Superior epigastric artery?
Internal thoracic artery ## Footnote The Superior epigastric artery branches from the internal thoracic artery.
72
Where does the Superior epigastric artery descend?
In rectus sheath deep to rectus abdominis ## Footnote It runs within the sheath that encases the rectus abdominis muscle.
73
What is the **distribution** of the Superior epigastric artery?
* Rectus abdominis muscle * Superficial and deep abdominal wall of the epigastric and upper umbilical regions ## Footnote Supplies the central part of the abdominal wall.
74
What is the **origin** of the 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries?
Aorta ## Footnote These arteries branch directly from the descending aorta.
75
What is the **course** of the 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries?
Continue beyond ribs to descend in the abdominal wall between internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles ## Footnote They provide blood supply to the lateral abdominal wall.
76
What is the **distribution** of the 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries?
Superficial and deep abdominal wall of the lateral (lumbar or flank) region ## Footnote These arteries help supply the lumbar region of the abdomen.
77
What is the **origin** of the Subcostal artery?
Aorta ## Footnote The Subcostal artery also branches from the descending aorta.
78
What is the **course** of the Subcostal artery?
Continue beyond ribs to descend in the abdominal wall between internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles ## Footnote Similar to the posterior intercostal arteries, they descend in the same area.
79
What is the **distribution** of the Subcostal artery?
Superficial and deep abdominal wall of the lateral (lumbar or flank) region ## Footnote It supplies the same area as the 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries.
80
What is the **origin** of the Inferior epigastric artery?
External iliac artery ## Footnote The Inferior epigastric artery branches from the external iliac artery.
81
What is the **course** of the Inferior epigastric artery?
* Runs superiorly and enters rectus sheath * Runs deep to rectus abdominis ## Footnote It ascends towards the abdominal wall.
82
What is the **distribution** of the Inferior epigastric artery?
* Rectus abdominis muscle * Deep abdominal wall of pubic and inferior umbilical regions ## Footnote Supplies the lower part of the abdominal wall.
83
What is the **origin** of the Deep circumflex iliac artery?
External iliac artery
84
What is the **course** of the Deep circumflex iliac artery?
Runs on deep aspect of the anterior abdominal wall, parallel to the inguinal ligament ## Footnote It follows the inguinal ligament closely.
85
What is the **distribution** of the Deep circumflex iliac artery?
* Iliacus muscle and deep abdominal wall of the inguinal region * Iliac fossa ## Footnote Supplies blood to the iliacus muscle and surrounding areas.
86
What is the **origin** of the Superficial circumflex iliac artery?
Femoral artery ## Footnote The Superficial circumflex iliac artery is a branch of the femoral artery.
87
What is the **course** of the Superficial circumflex iliac artery?
Runs in subcutaneous tissue along the inguinal ligament ## Footnote It travels just beneath the skin.
88
What is the **distribution** of the Superficial circumflex iliac artery?
Superficial abdominal wall of inguinal region and adjacent anterior thigh ## Footnote Supplies the superficial structures in these areas.
89
What is the **origin** of the Superficial epigastric artery?
Femoral artery ## Footnote This artery also branches off from the femoral artery.
90
What is the **course** of the Superficial epigastric artery?
Runs in subcutaneous tissue toward the umbilicus ## Footnote It ascends towards the belly button.
91
What is the **distribution** of the Superficial epigastric artery?
Superficial abdominal wall of the pubic and inferior umbilical regions ## Footnote Supplies the lower abdominal wall.

Anatomy of the Trunk (12 decks)

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