Anatomy of the Trunk

Identify the main features & functions of the thoracic cavity - A typical rib - First rib - Sternum - Thoracic vertebrae (alongside cervical & lumbar) Describe how the ribs articulate with the vertebrae and the sternum, and understand the movement the movements which occur at these joints

* Review the detailed structures and arrangemnts of the anterior abdominal wall, skin, superficial & deep fascia, and muscles * Understand the cutaneous nerve supply and its clinical application

* Describe the types and discuss the basis of abdominal herniae * Explain the causes of abdominal herniae * Differentiate between various types of abdominal herniae * Discuss the complications of abdominal herniae

* Define parietal & visceral peritoneum and explain the functions of the peritoneum & peritoneum cavity * Draw diagrams to explain different relationships to the peritoneum (mesenteries & retroperitoneal positions) and list the structures contained within a typical mesentery * Describe the boundaries of the lesser sac and of the epiploic foramen (on Winslow) * Demarcate the course and distribution of arteries to important structures or organs derived from the foregut, midgut and hindgut

* Be familiar with the anatomy of the posterior abdominal wall * Describe the anatomy, innervation and functions of the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall * Be able to discuss their functional relationship with the diaphragm and roles in posture, ventilation and voiding of abdominal/thoracic contents * Describe the anatomical features of the kidneys: position, extent, relations, hilum, and peritoneal coverings * Describe and relate the internal structure of the kidneys: cortex, medulla and