Week 8: ABCDE Approach Flashcards

1
Q

What are the principles?

A
  • Complete a prompt initial assessment
  • Treat life-threatening problems as they are found * call for help early
  • Use all members of the team
  • Assess response to treatment/interventions
  • Effective communication – e.g. ISBAR/iSoBAR
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2
Q

What does it stand for ABCDE

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure

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3
Q

Air way: Causes of airway obstructio

A
  • Foreign bodies ( blood vomit)
  • Blocked tracheostomy
  • Trauma
  • Infection
  • Inflammation
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4
Q

Air way: Recognition of airway obstruction

A
  • Is the airway obstructed? – Look, listen and feel. Look for cyanosis
  • Can the person speak in a usual voice in full sentences?
  • Any evidence of:
    – Noisy breathing
    – Gurgling
    – Choking
    – Snoring
    – Stridor
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5
Q

Air wayTreatment of airway obstruction

A
  • Call for assistance
  • First aid steps to safely remove obstruction (where
    possible)– e.g. first aid (back blows), Magill forceps, suction
    – Recovery position
  • Airway manoeuvers back blows to try and dislodge foreign objects
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6
Q

Breathing (B) Causes of breathing problems

A

– Asthma
– Infection
- Decreased respiratory

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7
Q

Breathing (B)nRecognition of breathing problems

A

LOOK
– Rate, rhythm, depth
– Accessory muscle use – Cyanosis
– Chest deformity
– Conscious level
LISTEN
– Noisy breathing – SILENCE = BAD!
FEEL
– Expansion
– Percussion
– Tracheal position
– Surgical emphysema

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8
Q

Breathing (B) Treatment of breathing problems

A
  • Position patient High Fowler’s position
  • Reassure
  • Oxygen
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9
Q

Circulation (C) Causes of circulation issues

A

Shock : –Cardiogenic –Obstructive
–Electrolyte imbalance –Anaemia –Hyperthermia –Hypothermia

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10
Q

Assessing Circulation

A
  • Pulse/Heart Rate
  • Blood Pressure
  • Skin Turgor
  • Capillary Refill
  • Urine Output
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11
Q

3 things to assess on someone pulse

A

Strength: the pulse volume or amplitude
Equality: assess the corresponding pulse on the other side of the body for equality
Rhythm: has a equal time lapses between beats

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12
Q

What is blood pressure dependent upon

A
  • Cardiac output (pumping action of the heart)
  • Blood volume
  • Blood viscosity
  • Venous return
  • Peripheral vascular resistance & elasticity of large artery walls
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13
Q

Circulation (C) Recognition of circulation issues

A

Shortness of breath
Syncope
Bleeding or fluid loss
Blood pressure changes; hypotension, hypertension
Poor peripheral perfusion – increased capillary refill time

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14
Q

Circulation (C) Treatment of circulation issues

A
  • Dehydrated
  • Urine Output
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15
Q

Disability (D) Causes of reduced conscious level

A

Drugs –Prescribed –Recreational
* Hyper or hypoglycaemia
* Hypoxia

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16
Q

Disability (D)
Recognition of reduced conscious level

A
  • AVPU and pupils initially – then GCS later
  • Blood glucose
  • Core temperature
  • Check medications, infusions, charts and notes
  • in recovery position
17
Q

Disability (D) Treatment of reduced conscious level

A
  • Airway-Breathing-Circulation treatment
  • position to facilitate patent airway if needed;
    lateral or recovery position
  • oxygen if appropriate
18
Q

Exposure (E)

A

examination surface, orifice, extremity, cavity, drains
* e.g. injuries, bleeding, tenderness, deformities, rashes, bites and stings
avoid heat loss
– record temperature
* Remove clothes to enable examination - maintain dignity

19
Q

REASSESS ABCDE

A
  • Assess response to treatment/interventions
    – Assess for new/emerging issues
  • Use ABCDE for effective communication e.g. within ISBAR/iSoBAR
20
Q
A