Week 5: Risk Management Flashcards
What does risk management include
- Identification of hazards
- Assessment of risks
- Implementation of control measures
- Review and monitoring the control measures to ensure they are effective
What is risk management
Risk management is the systematic approach to identifying and controlling known threats and risks
What is a Fall
An event which results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground or floor or other lower level
Not included:
* Major internal event (stroke)
* Being hit by external force (knocked over)
Falls are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in and outside of healthcare facilities
Risk for Falls Medical
- Polypharmacy
- Postural hypotension
- Medical conditions e.g. PD
- Poor hydration
Risk for Falls Psychological
-Reduced motivation/ depression
- Memory problems/ confusion e.g.
dementia
Risk for Falls Physical
Reduced balance
Walking problems
Reduced muscle strength in legs and arms
Poor vision
Poor hearing
Loss of sensation in feet
Risk for Falls Environmental
Unsafe walking aids
Inappropriate footwear
Home hazards- lighting, dogs, loose mats, grandchildren, wires, hosepipes
Transfers- bath, stairs, bed, chair
Risk management tool for falls
FRAMP
Falls Risk Assessment management Plan
Pressure injury
Localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue, as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear.
What 4 causes of pressure injury
- Unrelieved Mechanical pressure
- Friction
- Shearing Forces
- Moisture
Process of pressure injuries
- ischaemia, a deficiency in the blood supply to the tissues
- a result of compression between two surfaces, normally bed and bone
- Blood does not reach tissues as a result of pressure and tissues are deprived of oxygen and nutrients
4.Waste products accumulate in the tissues - The tissues die
Pressure injury increased risk
- Elderly or very young
- Immobile or having an operation
- Underweight, eating poorly or have recent weight loss
- Overweight
- Incontinent
Pressure injury signs
- Redness/skin discoloration
- Tenderness, pain or itching in affected areas
- Blistering
- Brokens kin
Pressure injure intrinsic factors
- Sensory impairment
- Incontinence
- Infection
- Reduced mobility
Pressure injury extrinsic factors
- Pressure
- Shear
- Friction
- Moisture
Pressure injury Stages
Stage 1; non-blanching redness
Stage 2 Tissue loss at surface
Stage 3 Full tissue loss and getting to the fat and muscle layers
Stage 4: Exposed bone
Unstageable: Neucrotic tissue layer, removal
Suspected deer tissue injury
Incontinence Associated Dermatitis
a type of irritant contact dermatitis (inflammation of the skin) found in people with faecal and/or urinary incontinence
Other terms for IAD
- Irritant dermatitis
- Moisture lesions
- Perineal dermatitis
- Perineal rash
Risk Management Tool for Pressure injury
Waterloo Assessment Tool
Nursings interventions Pressure Injuries
- Preventative Skincare
- Nutrition Assessment and Treatment
- Repositioning and Early Mobilisation
- Support Surfaces
Preventative Skincare
- Keeping the skin clean and appropriately hydrated
- Avoiding use of alkaline soaps and cleansers
- Cleansing the skin promptly after episodes of incontinence
Nutrition Assessment and Treatment
Screen for possible malnutrition
* Develop and implement an individualized nutrition care plan for individuals with or at risk
* Optimize energy and protein intake
* Give high calorie, high protein foods and/or supplements
* Maintain adequate hydration
Repositioning and Early Mobilisation
- Encourage regular self repositioning
- Reposition immobile patients every 2 hours
- Reposition the individual to relieve or redistribute pressure using manual handling techniques and equipment
that reduce friction and shear. - Implement an early mobilisation program that increases activity and mobility as rapidly as tolerated
Support Surfaces
