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Exercise Physiology cont. > Week 8 & 9 - Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Week 8 & 9 - Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

CV functions-Transport

A
  • O2 delivery
  • CO2 removal
  • Hormones
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2
Q

CVS Regulates (3)

A
  • Temp
  • pH
  • Glucose
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3
Q

CVS Prevents

A

-Infection (immune function)

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4
Q

CV components

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Blood
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5
Q

Pulmonary circuit (Location, function)

A
  1. Right side of the heart

2. Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via pulmonary arteries.

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6
Q

Systemic circuit (Location, function)

A
  1. Left side of the heart
  2. Pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body via arteries
    - Returns deoxygenated blood to the right heart via veins
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7
Q

Right ventricle

  • Amount of Q and where
  • Regulated by..
A
  • Total Q goes through lungs

- Pulmonary blood flow is regualted by alveolar PO2 and PCO2

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8
Q

Left ventricle

-Total Q (L/min)

A
  • Total Q at rest approx. 5-6 L/min
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9
Q

Left ventricle

-Arterial pressure/volume

A
  • High pressure

- Contains 15-20% of total blood volume

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10
Q

Left ventricle

-Venous circulation pressure/volume %

A
  • Low

- 60% total blood volume

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11
Q

Right ventricle

-Blood volume in resting lung

A

15% of total

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12
Q

Right ventricle

-Regulated by

A

Alveolar PO2 and PCO2

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13
Q

Cardiac muscle types

A

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

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14
Q

Heart muscle receives blood supply via____

A

coronary arteries

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15
Q

Myocardium characteristics

A
  • Thickness varies directly with stress placed on chamber walls
  • Left ventricle chamber = most powerful/largest
  • Intercalated disks allow rapid contraction
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16
Q

SA node known as________ and initiates_____

A

pacemaker

depolarization

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17
Q

AV node function

A
  • Passes depolarization to ventricles

- Brief delay to allow for vetricular filling

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18
Q

Bundle branches located

A
  • To left and right ventricles
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19
Q

Purkinje fibres located

A

-Throughout ventricles

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20
Q

SA node innervated by_____ and______branches of the_____ ______ ______.

A

-the parasympathetic, sympathetic, autonomic nervous system.

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21
Q

AV node built in delay time

-Reason for the delay

A
  • 0.13

- delay allows atrial contraction to precede ventricular contraction (ventricular filling)

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22
Q

AV bundle/Purkinje fibres function

A
  • Conduction to inferior region of each ventricle

- Allows all ventricular parts to contract at approx. same time.

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23
Q

PNS

  • Acts through
  • Function
A
  • vagus nerve

- Decrease HR/ force of contraction (vagal tone)

24
Q

SNS function

A

-Stimulated by stress to increase HR and force of contraction

25
Catecholamines - what are they - why are they released - function
- Hormones - Released due to sympathetic stimulation - Increase HR
26
Cardiac Arrhythmia-Bradycardia
-RHR below 60bpm
27
Cardiac Arrhythmia-Tachycardia
-RHR above 100bpm
28
Cardiac Arrhythmia-Premature ventricular conctraction (PVCs)
-Feel like skipped or extra beats
29
Cardiac Arrhythmia-Ventricular tachycardia
-3 or more consecutive Pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) that can lead to ventricular fibrillation in which contraction of the ventricular tissue is uncoordinated
30
ECG definition
Records electrical activity of the heart
31
P-wave definition
Atrial depolarization
32
QRS complex definition
Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
33
T-wave definition
ventricular repolarization
34
ECG abnormalities are caused by
ST segment depression=myocardial ischemia
35
Systole - definition - time lapse during rest/exercise
- contraction phase (ejection) - 0.3s at rest - 0.2s during exercise
36
Diastole - definition - time lapse during rest/exercise
- relaxation phase (filling) - 0.5s at rest - 0.13s during exercise - Longer than systole at rest - Shorter during exercise
37
Cardiac output (Q) definition equation What things affects amount
-Amount of blood pumped by the heart/min Q=HR x SV -Amount can depend on training state/gender
38
``` Stroke volume (SV) definition equation ```
-Blood pumped per contraction | SV=EDV-ESV
39
Ejection faction Definition equation Amount %
-Proportion of blood pumped out of the left ventricle each beat EF=SV/EDV -Averages 60% at rest
40
EDV | Definition
Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole (preload)
41
The average aortic blood pressure the heart must pump against to eject blood, lso known as____
after load
42
Strength of the ventricular contraction enhanced by: (2)
- Circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine | - Direct sympathetic stimulation of heart
43
Frank-Starling mechanism Definition? Why?
- Greater EDV results in a more forceful contraction | - -Due to strech of ventricles
44
Venous return increased by (3)
Venoconstriction Skeletal muscle pump Respiratory pump
45
Vascular system is made up of: (5)
``` Arteries-aorta, most flexible Arterioles-resistance vessels Capillaries-blood & tissue exchange Venules- Reservoir Veins-vena cava, most stiff ```
46
Venous return function/mechanisms (3)
- against gravity 1. Breathing 2. Muscle pump 3. Valves
47
Autoregulation definition
-Arterioles dilate/constrict in response to local chemical environment
48
Extrinsic neural control definition:
sympathetic nerves within walls of vessels are stimulated causing vessels to constrict
49
Blood distribution
Balance between mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance
50
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) Definition Equation
Average pressure exerted by the blood as it travels through arteries MAP=TPR (total peripheral resistance) x Q
51
Haemodynamics Meaning Reason
- Bloodflow - Directly proportional to the pressure difference between the two ends of the system Blood flow = difference in pressure/ resistance
52
Haemodynamics pressure is proportional to the difference between____ and ____ ____ _____
Mean arterial pressure, right atrial pressure
53
Haemodynamics Resistance depends on (3) -equation
Length of the vessel viscosity of the blood Radius of the vessel Resistance = Length x viscosity/radius^4
54
The Fick Principle equation
VO2 = Q x (a - v) O2
55
Sinus rhythm definition
Any cardiac rhythm where depolarization of the cardiac muscle begins at the sinus node
56
SA node alternative name
-Pace maker (60-80 bpm, intrinsic HR)

Exercise Physiology cont. (6 decks)

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