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Exercise Physiology cont. > Week 8 & 9 - Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Week 8 & 9 - Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

CV functions-Transport

A
  • O2 delivery
  • CO2 removal
  • Hormones
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2
Q

CVS Regulates (3)

A
  • Temp
  • pH
  • Glucose
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3
Q

CVS Prevents

A

-Infection (immune function)

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4
Q

CV components

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Blood
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5
Q

Pulmonary circuit (Location, function)

A
  1. Right side of the heart

2. Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via pulmonary arteries.

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6
Q

Systemic circuit (Location, function)

A
  1. Left side of the heart
  2. Pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body via arteries
    - Returns deoxygenated blood to the right heart via veins
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7
Q

Right ventricle

  • Amount of Q and where
  • Regulated by..
A
  • Total Q goes through lungs

- Pulmonary blood flow is regualted by alveolar PO2 and PCO2

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8
Q

Left ventricle

-Total Q (L/min)

A
  • Total Q at rest approx. 5-6 L/min
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9
Q

Left ventricle

-Arterial pressure/volume

A
  • High pressure

- Contains 15-20% of total blood volume

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10
Q

Left ventricle

-Venous circulation pressure/volume %

A
  • Low

- 60% total blood volume

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11
Q

Right ventricle

-Blood volume in resting lung

A

15% of total

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12
Q

Right ventricle

-Regulated by

A

Alveolar PO2 and PCO2

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13
Q

Cardiac muscle types

A

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

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14
Q

Heart muscle receives blood supply via____

A

coronary arteries

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15
Q

Myocardium characteristics

A
  • Thickness varies directly with stress placed on chamber walls
  • Left ventricle chamber = most powerful/largest
  • Intercalated disks allow rapid contraction
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16
Q

SA node known as________ and initiates_____

A

pacemaker

depolarization

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17
Q

AV node function

A
  • Passes depolarization to ventricles

- Brief delay to allow for vetricular filling

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18
Q

Bundle branches located

A
  • To left and right ventricles
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19
Q

Purkinje fibres located

A

-Throughout ventricles

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20
Q

SA node innervated by_____ and______branches of the_____ ______ ______.

A

-the parasympathetic, sympathetic, autonomic nervous system.

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21
Q

AV node built in delay time

-Reason for the delay

A
  • 0.13

- delay allows atrial contraction to precede ventricular contraction (ventricular filling)

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22
Q

AV bundle/Purkinje fibres function

A
  • Conduction to inferior region of each ventricle

- Allows all ventricular parts to contract at approx. same time.

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23
Q

PNS

  • Acts through
  • Function
A
  • vagus nerve

- Decrease HR/ force of contraction (vagal tone)

24
Q

SNS function

A

-Stimulated by stress to increase HR and force of contraction

25
Q

Catecholamines

  • what are they
  • why are they released
  • function
A
  • Hormones
  • Released due to sympathetic stimulation
  • Increase HR
26
Q

Cardiac Arrhythmia-Bradycardia

A

-RHR below 60bpm

27
Q

Cardiac Arrhythmia-Tachycardia

A

-RHR above 100bpm

28
Q

Cardiac Arrhythmia-Premature ventricular conctraction (PVCs)

A

-Feel like skipped or extra beats

29
Q

Cardiac Arrhythmia-Ventricular tachycardia

A

-3 or more consecutive Pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) that can lead to ventricular fibrillation in which contraction of the ventricular tissue is uncoordinated

30
Q

ECG definition

A

Records electrical activity of the heart

31
Q

P-wave definition

A

Atrial depolarization

32
Q

QRS complex definition

A

Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

33
Q

T-wave definition

A

ventricular repolarization

34
Q

ECG abnormalities are caused by

A

ST segment depression=myocardial ischemia

35
Q

Systole

  • definition
  • time lapse during rest/exercise
A
  • contraction phase (ejection)
  • 0.3s at rest
  • 0.2s during exercise
36
Q

Diastole

  • definition
  • time lapse during rest/exercise
A
  • relaxation phase (filling)
  • 0.5s at rest
  • 0.13s during exercise
  • Longer than systole at rest
  • Shorter during exercise
37
Q

Cardiac output (Q)
definition
equation
What things affects amount

A

-Amount of blood pumped by the heart/min
Q=HR x SV
-Amount can depend on training state/gender

38
Q 
Stroke volume (SV) 
definition
equation
A

-Blood pumped per contraction

SV=EDV-ESV

39
Q

Ejection faction
Definition
equation
Amount %

A

-Proportion of blood pumped out of the left ventricle each beat
EF=SV/EDV
-Averages 60% at rest

40
Q

EDV

Definition

A

Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole (preload)

41
Q

The average aortic blood pressure the heart must pump against to eject blood, lso known as____

A

after load

42
Q

Strength of the ventricular contraction enhanced by: (2)

A
  • Circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine

- Direct sympathetic stimulation of heart

43
Q

Frank-Starling mechanism
Definition?
Why?

A
  • Greater EDV results in a more forceful contraction

- -Due to strech of ventricles

44
Q

Venous return increased by (3)

A

Venoconstriction
Skeletal muscle pump
Respiratory pump

45
Q

Vascular system is made up of: (5)

A 
Arteries-aorta, most flexible
Arterioles-resistance vessels
Capillaries-blood & tissue exchange
Venules- Reservoir
Veins-vena cava, most stiff
46
Q

Venous return function/mechanisms (3)

A
  • against gravity
    1. Breathing
    2. Muscle pump
    3. Valves
47
Q

Autoregulation definition

A

-Arterioles dilate/constrict in response to local chemical environment

48
Q

Extrinsic neural control definition:

A

sympathetic nerves within walls of vessels are stimulated causing vessels to constrict

49
Q

Blood distribution

A

Balance between mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance

50
Q

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Definition
Equation

A

Average pressure exerted by the blood as it travels through arteries

MAP=TPR (total peripheral resistance) x Q

51
Q

Haemodynamics
Meaning
Reason

A
  • Bloodflow
  • Directly proportional to the pressure difference between the two ends of the system

Blood flow = difference in pressure/ resistance

52
Q

Haemodynamics pressure is proportional to the difference between____ and ____ ____ _____

A

Mean arterial pressure, right atrial pressure

53
Q

Haemodynamics
Resistance depends on (3)
-equation

A

Length of the vessel
viscosity of the blood
Radius of the vessel

Resistance = Length x viscosity/radius^4

54
Q

The Fick Principle equation

A

VO2 = Q x (a - v) O2

55
Q

Sinus rhythm definition

A

Any cardiac rhythm where depolarization of the cardiac muscle begins at the sinus node

56
Q

SA node alternative name

A

-Pace maker (60-80 bpm, intrinsic HR)

Exercise Physiology cont. (6 decks)

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