Week 11 - Cardiovascular Adaptations to training and VO2 max Flashcards
O2 transport system
Does O2 requirement change?
Endurance training effect?
- o2 requirement doesn’t change
- o2 Transport can become more efficient with endurance training
Causes of increased LVED volume
What does Increased blood volume assist?
- assists venous return
- changes faster than cardiac mass (within a week)
Causes of increased LVED volume:
Lower heart rate/ Rapid ventricular relaxation
-increases filling time (diastole)
Causes of increased LVED volume:
Volume adaptations are_____compared to changes in cardiac mass
-rapid
Decreases in RHR with endurance training are due to: (3)
- increased sv
- decreased sympathetic stimulation
- increased vagal tone
Submaximal HR during exercise_______
How many bpm after 6 months of training?
- Decreases.
- May decrease by 10-30 bpm after 6 months of training
Maximal HR during exercise
-remains unchanged or decreases slightly with training
Endurance training_______HR and SBP for same absolute exercise intensity
reduces
Exercise_______recovery rate period
increases
HR recovery period is affected by
Altitude, heat
HR recovery period____ ___individuals
cannot compare
Blood flow____with training
increases
Trained muscles have_________capillarisation
increased
Training_____bp
reduces
Training_____blood volume
increases
________training may decrease capillary density from an increase in muscle fibre area
strength
a-vO2 diff improved O2 extraction due to increased…(3)
- capillary density
- increased myoglobin content
- increased mitochondrial volume density
Maximal work rates systolic pressure______ and diastolic pressure_________
increases
decreases
Blood volume from training increases primarily to an increase in
plasma volume (ADH, aldosterone, plasma proteins cause fluid to be retained in the blood)
Blood viscosity______with training_____circulating and____oxygen delivery
decreases
improving
enhancing
VO2 max definition
The maximum rate at which a person can utilize O2
relative to your body weight per min (ml.kg.min)
Improvements in VO2max due to: (2)
increase in SV
increase in a-vO2
VO2max can be limited by: (5)
Anaemia Detraining Blood loss Dehydration Beta blockers
Factors affecting VO2max (5)
Lvl of conditioning Heredity Age Sex Specificity of training
VO2 direct measures advantages (3)
- Accurate
- Valid
- Reliable
VO2 direct measures disadvantages (3)
- Risks(in non healthy population)
- Cost
- For large numbers, cost and time ineffective
VO2 direct measure should be_______ to athletes sport
specific
VO2 direct measure test length
10-12 mins
VO2 max test finishes when you reach.. (4)
- RER > 1.1
- Plasma lactate > 9mmol.L
- HR of 220 - age reached
- A plateau in VO2 with increasing exercise intensity
VO2 max can be predicted from known relationships between (3)
workload
HR
VO2max
VO2 max can be estimated in linear relationship between (2)
Submax HR
work load
Confounders in predicting VO2 max (6)
Habituation Fitness Heart disease Holding on Exercise protocol Mechanical efficiency
VO2 max predicted test not so good (5)
- Distinguishing performance between people with similar VO2
- Lactate/ventilatory threshold better predictor
- Can’ compare others using different equipment
- Performance changes but not VO2
- Only cycling/running ergometers available
Increased SVmax (3) \_\_\_\_\_ preload (EDV) and Contractility \_\_\_\_\_ after load (TPR)
Increases
Decreases
