Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 330 > Week 8-9 > Flashcards

Week 8-9 Flashcards

1
Q

What produced a change in the way we studied attention in the 1800s?

A
  • Empiricism - conducting experiments

- Electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who was the first person who studied attention orienting?

A

Hermann von Helmholtz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the ways we can shift attention?

A
  • Overtly: others can see

- Covertly: others cannot see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Helmholtz was also interested in ____ and was an accomplished ____

A
  • Afterimages

- Inventor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the T-scope work?

A

A person looks into a box with one eye and keeps their vision on a small pinhole of light (the fixation point) - their attention shifts to a card with letters placed around the pinhole before a spark coming from a Leyden jar lights up the box briefly before an afterimage can be seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Helmholtz discover with the T-scope?

A

Afterimages are clearest where the person focused their attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two types of focal points?

A

Ocular & attentional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Michael Posner developed _____

A

A location cueing task to study covert orienting - tests whether a person could remember a target better if a cue was presented before it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long does it take to target a saccade?

A

220 ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a symbolic cue trial?

A

Symbol indicates where the cue will appear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What model of attention is associated with covert attention?

A

The spotlight model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cross-modal attention tasks ____

A

Involve stimuli of more than 1 sensory modality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lawrence Ward developed ____

A

A Posner task involving both visual and auditory stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The results of Ward’s Posner task suggest ____

A

There is a common attention shift mechanism for all types of sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of location cueing is more likely to produce good results?

A

Direct location cueing, as opposed to symbolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Symbolic cueing is more associated with ____ than direct cueing

A

Cognitive processes & voluntary attention shifting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stimulus-driven attention shifts are associated with ____ cueing

A

Direct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Goal-driven attention shifts are associated with ____ cueing

A

Symbolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Concurrent tasks only affect _____ cues

A

Symbolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Short cue-target delays affect ____ more, and longer delays affect ____ more

A
  • Direct cues

- Symbolic cues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

People use symbolic cues less when ______

A

Validity is low

22
Q

____ is voluntary, while ____ is involuntary

A
  • Symbolic cue use

- Direct cue use

23
Q

What is the difference between analog and discrete attention shifts?

A

The spotlight stays on in analog, while it turns off during switching for discrete shifts

24
Q

Attention shifts are mostly ____

A

Discrete

25
Q

What brain regions are active during the different stages of attention orienting?

A
  • Disengaging: parietal lobe
  • Shifting: superior colliculus
  • Engaging: pulvinar
26
Q

What is the law of two levels?

A

The idea that we can change the size of our attentional focal point depending on the task we’re doing

27
Q

What is the name of the phenomenon where performance is interfered with from a stimulus close to the cue?

A

Flanker interference

28
Q

fMRI has shown that _____ is active during flanker interference

A

the anterior cingulate cortex

29
Q

Why is Waldo so hard to find?

A

He does not have any unique features

30
Q

What are distractors?

A

Non-target items

31
Q

A target with a unique visual feature is called a ___

A

pop-out

32
Q

Hard-to-find targets with a unique feature combination are found with a slower ____ of surrounding objects

A

serial inspection

33
Q

What is the set0size effect?

A

The more distractors there are, the harder it is to find a target

34
Q

There is no set-size effect if _____

A

the target has a unique feature

35
Q

There is a set-size effect with _____

A

feature-conjunction targets

36
Q

A search task in which you look for the target that is unique/changing in an image is called _____

A

the odd-item-out task

37
Q

What was the first visual search model and who created it?

A

Feature integration - Anne Treisman

38
Q

When searching, _____ is one-by-one and _____ is all at once

A
  • serial

- parallel

39
Q

Neisser proposed that _____ is involved when we’re looking for hard-to-find targets and _____ when a target pops out

A
  • Serial

- Parallel

40
Q

What is different about the way Treisman thought about feature integration?

A

The brain has different regions that carry out specific types of visual processing, and everything is integrated in a certain area

41
Q

Feature maps are _______

A

Associated with specific features of an object

42
Q

Location maps are ______

A

Associated with spatial information

43
Q

Location maps only work with _____

A

Parallel processing

44
Q

Illusory conjunctions occur when ______

A

There is not enough attention to “glue” features together

45
Q

Illusory conjunctions indicate that some features can be _____

A

free-floating

46
Q

What are emergent features?

A

A mis-combination of features

47
Q

Where might the master map be?

A

Intraparietal sulcus (parietal lobe)

48
Q

What is potential evidence for there being more than 1 attentional spotlight?

A
  • split-brain patients

- multiple-object tracking

49
Q

What is Pylyshyn’s explanation for why we are able to keep track of 4 objects in MOT?

A

We are not really tracking them, but putting markers on them

50
Q

What type of feature (global or local) do we usually attend to first?

A

Global

51
Q

The right parietal cortex mediates ____ processing

A

Global

52
Q

The left parietal cortex mediates ____ processing

A

Local

PSYC 330 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions