Week 8

Question 1

What other therapies branch off CBT?

Answer 1

• Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (Ellis)
• Dialectical BehaviourTherapy (Linehan)
• Cognitive Therapy (Beck)
• Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (Hayes)
• Schema Therapy (Young)
• Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (Kabat-Zinn)
• Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (Segal et al)

Question 2

1950s: Albert Ellis

Answer 2

Based on philosophy, personal experience & clinical practice

“human beings are not particularly effected by external people and things, but by the view they take of these things”

Question 3

1950-60s: Aaron T Beck

Answer 3

Based on the study of depressed patients

cognitive distortions (overgeneralisation, excessive esponsibility, self-references, etc) are a primary factor in affective disturbance

Question 4

Cognitive Behaivoural Therapy (CBT)

Answer 4

School of therapies based on the premise that it is not what happens that causes how we feel,

Thus a collection of cognitive, behavioural and emotional
strategies are utilised to facilitate therapeutic change. but what we think about what happen

Question 5

The CBT Model

Answer 5

Thoughts affect Behavior, behaviour affects emotions and emotions affect thoughts.

All in a neat triangle

Question 6

The ABC’s of CBT

Answer 6

A Activating event or Situation

B Thoughts & Beliefs

C Consequence or Feelings & Behaviour

A Situation -> B Unhelpful thoughts or beliefs -> C Consequence, Extreme feelings, difficult to manage, Unhelpful behaviour blocks goal

Question 7

What to rememeber about unhelpful thoughts?

Answer 7

Don’t discount every clients thoughts as unhelpful, some thoughts may be helpful.
Sometimes that negativity is realistic, if we mask the negativity we hinder the change that could be done.

Question 8

All or nothing thinking/black and white thinking

Answer 8

If I’m not perfect I have failed. Either I do that right or not at all.

Question 9

Mental filter

Answer 9

Only pay attention to certain types of evidence, seeing nothing but our failures or successes.

Question 10

Mind reading

Answer 10

We imagine we know what other people are thinking. Essentially projection in psychodynamic therapy.

Question 11

Over-generalising

Answer 11

Seeing a pattern based upon a single event, one bad thing happened so it’s always going to happen again.

Question 12

Magnification, catastrophic thinking

Answer 12

Throwing things out of proportion

Question 13

Should statements, mus statements

Answer 13

Make us feel bad about ourselves. Meta-worry. I should be happier

Question 14

CBT Model more complex

Answer 14

Situation has occured and all these things relate to one anohter: Thoughts, moods/feelings, behaviour, physical reactions that are potentially adding to their distress.

In each of these we can intervene.

Question 15

Johny -> 1st year, likes a girl. her friends bitching about him, name-calling, avoids parties, avoids girls.

Answer 15

Situation: he has gone up to a girl, she’s rejected him, he’s being teased

Thoughts: he will never get a girlfriend

Mood: terrible

Behavior: affecting his studies, avoiding situations

Physical: sweating, nervous, short of breathe.

Question 16

Range of interventions

Answer 16

Situation:
- Problem solving

Cognitive (thoughts):

• Cognitive restructuring/challenge
• coping statements

Behavioural:

• activity scheduling/Goal setting
• exposure
• general health behaviours (sleep, exercise, nutrition)
• Communication skills/assertiveness training

Physical reactions

• arousing cortisol
• breathing/relaxation

Feelings:

• medication
• understanding, articulation, tolerating emotions.

Question 17

The Therapeutic Relationship

Answer 17

CBT advocates a collaborative, straightforward and action oriented relationship.

High degrees of genuineness, warmth, positive regard, empathy and authenticity.

The relationship promotes collaborative empiricism.

CBT contends that the techniques involved help to build and strengthen the therapeutic relationship

Question 18

Psychoeducation

Answer 18

After testing, diagnosing, you might educate the client on their disorder, give info sheets, also explain the CBT model.

Question 19

Things that are good at the start of CBT

Answer 19

• Psychoeducation (includes telling them about avoidance or negative thinking)
• activity scheduling (johnny, can you try and go to 80% of all your classes this week)
• homework might be a mood journal, make a record of their thoughts at those times. This will also distance them from their thoughts.
• For anxiety, create a fear hierarchy for graded exposure therapy.
• gently challenge some of those thoughts.

Question 20

other things CBT treats

Answer 20

Psychosis, skizophrenia, eating disorders, somatoform disorders (unexplained pain in the body), anxiety, depression

Question 21

When should you not use cbt?

Answer 21

• cognitive disabilities
• antisocial personality disorders
• ## after a traumatic event when it is not requested by victims (must be voluntary)