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Psych 10 - Final > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

according to Spearman and others, _______ __________ underlies specific menial abilities & is measured by every task on an intelligence test.

A

general intelligence

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2
Q

this is used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score

A

factor analysis

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3
Q

FACTOR ANALYSIS is a statistical procedure that identifies what?

A

identities of clusters of related items (factors) on a test

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4
Q

savant syndrome

A

condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill (ex: drawing, computation)

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5
Q

_______ _______ views intelligence as multiple abilities that come in different packages.

A

Howard Gardner

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6
Q

_______ ______ proposes a theory of three intelligences: analytical, creative, and practical

A

Robert Sternberg

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7
Q

what is analytical intelligence?

A

assessed by intelligence tests which present well-defined problems as having a single right answer. (academic problem solving)

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8
Q

what is creative intelligence?

A

intelligence demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas

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9
Q

what is practical intelligence?

A

intelligence required for everyday tasks

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10
Q

emotional intelligence

A

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

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11
Q

what are the four emotional intelligence components?

A
  1. perceiving
  2. understanding
  3. managing
  4. using
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12
Q

to recognize emotions in faces, music, and stories

A

perceiving

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13
Q

to predict emotions and how they change and blend

A

understanding

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14
Q

to know how to express emotions in varied situations

A

managing

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15
Q

______ emotions enables adaptive or creative thinking

A

using

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16
Q

what is language?

A

our spoken, written, or gestured work; the way we communicate meaning to ourselves and others.

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17
Q

linguistic determinism:

A

language determines the way we think. *if you don’t have the words for it, you don’t have the thoughts of it.

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18
Q

how do animals use language?

A

learn from each other by imitation and use gestures

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19
Q

an impairment in language caused by damage to the brain:

A

aphasia

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20
Q

difference between lesion and aphasia:

A

lesion is damage to the brain

aphasia is the damage that results

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21
Q

what characterizes BROCA’s aphasia?

A
  • left frontal lobe damage
  • impaired speech production
  • slow, struggling, non-fluent speech
  • key words only
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22
Q

what characterizes WERNICKE’s aphasia?

A
  • impaired language comprehension
  • fluent Speech
  • speech has no informative purpose
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23
Q

someone who produces language well but doesn’t comprehend others’ or his own is experiencing:

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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24
Q

someone who can comprehend language but cannot produce it is experiencing:

A

Broca’s aphasia

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25
Q

describe how aphasia differs for children:

A

recovery is faster (and can even be complete). *the earlier the injury, the better the chances of recovery

26
Q

does plasticity increase or decrease with age?

A

decrease

27
Q

the ability of parts of the brain to take over functions they ordinarily would not serve is:

A

plasticity

28
Q

phoneme:

A

the smallest distinctive sound unit in a language (b~a~t, ch~a~t)

29
Q

morpheme:

A

the smallest unit that carries meaning may be a word or a part of a word (milk, pre~test, play~ed)

30
Q

“bababa” is an example of ________ babbling.

A

reduplicated

31
Q

“dabawaba” is an example of ________ babbling.

A

non-reduplicated

32
Q

grammar:

A

a system of rules in a language to communicate with and understand others

33
Q

semantics:

A

the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language (adding “-ed” to “laugh” means it happened in the past).

34
Q

syntax:

A

the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language (adjective-noun relationship: black cat, gato negro)

35
Q

the babbling stage begins at _________, in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds.

A

4 months

36
Q

why are babies known as universal linguists?

A

babies are better than adults in distinguishing phonemic contrasts that are not made in their own language

37
Q

one-word stage:

A

beginning at or around his first birthday, a child starts to speak one word at a time so that family understands. (ex: doggy = look at the dog)

38
Q

two-word stage:

A

before the 2nd year, a child starts to speak in two-word sentences (ex: go car = I want to go for a ride in the car)

39
Q

two-word sentences speech is called ___________ because the child speaks like a telegram

A

telegraphic speech

40
Q

after telegraphic speech, children begin uttering longer phrases (ex: mommy get ball) with syntactical sense, and by early elementary school they are employing humor. this stage is:

A

longer phrases

41
Q

receptive vocab:

A

words that infants UNDERSTAND

42
Q

expressive vocab:

A

words that infants can SAY or SIGN

43
Q

Chomsky believed that:

A

language is innate, contains universal grammar, and is domain-general

44
Q

What did Chomsky mean by “universal grammar”?

A

inborn knowledge of the general form of language

45
Q

the nurture argument of language is:

A

language is LEARNED; it is a result of innate capacities PLUS environment

46
Q

what is the critical period for language theory?

A

from birth - puberty, if you hear language, you’ll learn it. once that window closes, you won’t learn anymore. (ex: Victor and Genie)

47
Q

People with _____ ______ excel in abilities unrelated to general intelligence

A

savant syndrome

48
Q

who introduced the IQ (intelligence quotient?)

A

William Stern

49
Q

what are the five aspects of intelligence and creativity?

A
  1. fluency: number of relevant responses
  2. originality: statistical infrequency of responses
  3. elaboration: use of imagination and detail
  4. abstractness: use of abstract ideas (humor, irony)
  5. resistance to premature closure: resists coming to conclusions too quickly
50
Q

For a psychological test to be acceptable it must fulfill the following three criteria

A
  1. Standardization
  2. Reliability
  3. Validity
51
Q

Standardizing a test involves:

A

administering the test to a representative sample of future test takers in order to establish a basis for meaningful comparison

52
Q

Standardized tests establish a normal distribution of scores on a tested population in a bell-shaped pattern called:

A

the normal curve

53
Q

what is a stereotype threat?

A

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

54
Q

A test is reliable when:

A

it yields consistent results

55
Q

To establish reliability researchers establish different procedures:

A

Split-half Reliability & Test-retest Reliability

56
Q

Dividing the test into two equal halves and assessing how consistent the scores are is what type of reliability?

A

split-half

57
Q

Using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency is what type of reliability?

A

test-retest

58
Q

Validity of a test refers to:

A

what the test is supposed to measure or predict

59
Q

what is content validity?

A

Refers to the extent a test measures a particular behavior or trait

60
Q

what is predictive validity?

A

Refers to the function of a test in predicting a particular behavior or trait.

61
Q

What is the Flynn Effect?

A

In the past 60 years, intelligence scores have risen steadily by an average of 27 points

Psych 10 - Final (21 decks)

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