Week 8

Question 1

according to Spearman and others, _______ __________ underlies specific menial abilities & is measured by every task on an intelligence test.

Answer 1

general intelligence

Question 2

this is used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score

Answer 2

factor analysis

Question 3

FACTOR ANALYSIS is a statistical procedure that identifies what?

Answer 3

identities of clusters of related items (factors) on a test

Question 4

savant syndrome

Answer 4

condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill (ex: drawing, computation)

Question 5

_______ _______ views intelligence as multiple abilities that come in different packages.

Answer 5

Howard Gardner

Question 6

_______ ______ proposes a theory of three intelligences: analytical, creative, and practical

Answer 6

Robert Sternberg

Question 7

what is analytical intelligence?

Answer 7

assessed by intelligence tests which present well-defined problems as having a single right answer. (academic problem solving)

Question 8

what is creative intelligence?

Answer 8

intelligence demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas

Question 9

what is practical intelligence?

Answer 9

intelligence required for everyday tasks

Question 10

emotional intelligence

Answer 10

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 11

what are the four emotional intelligence components?

Answer 11

1. perceiving
2. understanding
3. managing
4. using

Question 12

to recognize emotions in faces, music, and stories

Answer 12

perceiving

Question 13

to predict emotions and how they change and blend

Answer 13

understanding

Question 14

to know how to express emotions in varied situations

Answer 14

managing

Question 15

______ emotions enables adaptive or creative thinking

Answer 15

using

Question 16

what is language?

Answer 16

our spoken, written, or gestured work; the way we communicate meaning to ourselves and others.

Question 17

linguistic determinism:

Answer 17

language determines the way we think. *if you don’t have the words for it, you don’t have the thoughts of it.

Question 18

how do animals use language?

Answer 18

learn from each other by imitation and use gestures

Question 19

an impairment in language caused by damage to the brain:

Answer 19

aphasia

Question 20

difference between lesion and aphasia:

Answer 20

lesion is damage to the brain

aphasia is the damage that results

Question 21

what characterizes BROCA’s aphasia?

Answer 21

• left frontal lobe damage
• impaired speech production
• slow, struggling, non-fluent speech
• key words only

Question 22

what characterizes WERNICKE’s aphasia?

Answer 22

• impaired language comprehension
• fluent Speech
• speech has no informative purpose

Question 23

someone who produces language well but doesn’t comprehend others’ or his own is experiencing:

Answer 23

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 24

someone who can comprehend language but cannot produce it is experiencing:

Answer 24

Broca’s aphasia

Question 25

describe how aphasia differs for children:

Answer 25

recovery is faster (and can even be complete). *the earlier the injury, the better the chances of recovery

Question 26

does plasticity increase or decrease with age?

Answer 26

decrease

Question 27

the ability of parts of the brain to take over functions they ordinarily would not serve is:

Answer 27

plasticity

Question 28

phoneme:

Answer 28

the smallest distinctive sound unit in a language (b~a~t, ch~a~t)

Question 29

morpheme:

Answer 29

the smallest unit that carries meaning may be a word or a part of a word (milk, pre~test, play~ed)

Question 30

"bababa" is an example of ________ babbling.

Answer 30

reduplicated

Question 31

"dabawaba" is an example of ________ babbling.

Answer 31

non-reduplicated

Question 32

grammar:

Answer 32

a system of rules in a language to communicate with and understand others

Question 33

semantics:

Answer 33

the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language (adding "-ed" to "laugh" means it happened in the past).

Question 34

syntax:

Answer 34

the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language (adjective-noun relationship: black cat, gato negro)

Question 35

the babbling stage begins at _________, in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds.

Answer 35

4 months

Question 36

why are babies known as universal linguists?

Answer 36

babies are better than adults in distinguishing phonemic contrasts that are not made in their own language

Question 37

one-word stage:

Answer 37

beginning at or around his first birthday, a child starts to speak one word at a time so that family understands. (ex: doggy = look at the dog)

Question 38

two-word stage:

Answer 38

before the 2nd year, a child starts to speak in two-word sentences (ex: go car = I want to go for a ride in the car)

Question 39

two-word sentences speech is called ___________ because the child speaks like a telegram

Answer 39

telegraphic speech

Question 40

after telegraphic speech, children begin uttering longer phrases (ex: mommy get ball) with syntactical sense, and by early elementary school they are employing humor. this stage is:

Answer 40

longer phrases

Question 41

receptive vocab:

Answer 41

words that infants UNDERSTAND

Question 42

expressive vocab:

Answer 42

words that infants can SAY or SIGN

Question 43

Chomsky believed that:

Answer 43

language is innate, contains universal grammar, and is domain-general

Question 44

What did Chomsky mean by "universal grammar"?

Answer 44

inborn knowledge of the general form of language

Question 45

the nurture argument of language is:

Answer 45

language is LEARNED; it is a result of innate capacities PLUS environment

Question 46

what is the critical period for language theory?

Answer 46

from birth - puberty, if you hear language, you'll learn it. once that window closes, you won't learn anymore. (ex: Victor and Genie)

Question 47

People with _____ ______ excel in abilities unrelated to general intelligence

Answer 47

savant syndrome

Question 48

who introduced the IQ (intelligence quotient?)

Answer 48

William Stern

Question 49

what are the five aspects of intelligence and creativity?

Answer 49

1. fluency: number of relevant responses 2. originality: statistical infrequency of responses 3. elaboration: use of imagination and detail 4. abstractness: use of abstract ideas (humor, irony) 5. resistance to premature closure: resists coming to conclusions too quickly

Question 50

For a psychological test to be acceptable it must fulfill the following three criteria

Answer 50

1. Standardization 2. Reliability 3. Validity

Question 51

Standardizing a test involves:

Answer 51

administering the test to a representative sample of future test takers in order to establish a basis for meaningful comparison

Question 52

Standardized tests establish a normal distribution of scores on a tested population in a bell-shaped pattern called:

Answer 52

the normal curve

Question 53

what is a stereotype threat?

Answer 53

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

Question 54

A test is reliable when:

Answer 54

it yields consistent results

Question 55

To establish reliability researchers establish different procedures:

Answer 55

Split-half Reliability & Test-retest Reliability

Question 56

Dividing the test into two equal halves and assessing how consistent the scores are is what type of reliability?

Answer 56

split-half

Question 57

Using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency is what type of reliability?

Answer 57

test-retest

Question 58

Validity of a test refers to:

Answer 58

what the test is supposed to measure or predict

Question 59

what is content validity?

Answer 59

Refers to the extent a test measures a particular behavior or trait

Question 60

what is predictive validity?

Answer 60

Refers to the function of a test in predicting a particular behavior or trait.

Question 61

What is the Flynn Effect?

Answer 61

In the past 60 years, intelligence scores have risen steadily by an average of 27 points