Week 8 Flashcards
Civil rights case for diversity:
labour markets a key…….
Labour markets a key arena determining life chances in our society, and everyone has the right to participate without discrimination
Business case for diversity:
hiring people from…….
Hiring people from diverse backgrounds and managing that diversity is a key to business success
Business case for diversity:
4 positive points
expand markets
Ensure loyalty
Lower legal costs
Increase creativity, profitability
Marjorie Cohen (historical background): history overlooks _______ ______
(Give 3 examples)
Women’s work
(Trade, industrialization, stretching wages)
Cohen (historical background):
Critical linkages between ____ ______ and _____
Labour market
Household
Cohen: critical links between LM and household:
Household sustains workers through ‘___________ _________’
Social reproduction
Cohen: critical links between LM and household:
Gender ‘division of labour’ in LM _______ household _____
Mirrors
Work
Cohen: critical links between LM and household:
Current trends build on and shaped by past
_____ _________ ________
(Give 2 examples)
Labour market patterns
(Attitudes, wage levels)
Professions: women were legally _____ until the late _____/______
Excluded
Late 1800s/early 1900s
Who was Clara Brett Martin
(And year)
First female lawyer in Ontario
(1897)
Who was Elsie MacGill
(And year)
First female graduate in electrical engineering, U of T
(1927)
Feminized ‘_____-professions’
Semi
Feminized semi professions: seen as “_____” for women
(And 2 examples)
Suitable
(Nursing, teaching)
Feminized semi profession: nursing:
Working class ____, often unpaid ______
Low _____, hard _____ conditions
Women
Student
Pay
Working
Feminized semi profession: teaching:
Historically ____, but rapid growth lead to ‘________’
By early ______, bulk of elementary teachers were _____
BUT ______ pay rates and expectations
Male
‘Feminization’
1900s
Female
Differential
What event saw important shifts in women’s work
WWII
WWII important shifts in women’s work:
women _______ into work in large ______
Drawn
Numbers
WWII important shifts in women’s work:
Women did highly ‘____-______’ jobs
Non-traditional
WWII important shifts in women’s work:
Governments provide ______ and ________
Support
Incentives
WWII important shifts in women’s work:
Employers ‘_______’ women’s work
Accommodate
We’re there many IMMEDIATE changes post WWII
NO
Short term impacts of WWII:
men return to jobs, veteran’s ________
Preference
Short term impacts of WWII: many women
____/______ jobs
Lost/left
Short term impacts of WWII: public attitudes generally ______ this change
Support
Short term impacts of WWII: government ______ changed
Policy
WWII longer term impacts:
economic _____ and _______ aspirations
Need
Changing
Why was the Canada labour code amended?
Amended to provide maternity leave and equal pay for work of equal value
What does the unemployment insurance act provide?
Maternity benefits for 15 weeks
What time period is referred to as the “ legal right to work”
1970’s
Why was the minimum wage legislation amended?
Provincially amended to eliminate lower minimum wage for women
What does the Canadian humans rights act do
Prohibits discrimination on several grounds, including sex
Requires equal, pay for work of equal value
List the years and order for each thing in the “legal right to work” period
List the two supply side mechanisms
Gender role socialization
Human capital theory
Listen to demand-side mechanisms
Labour market segmentation/occupational segregation
Gendered organizations/gender bias
Define animus discrimination
Dislike of women
What type of evidence is there an animus discrimination?
Qualitative
List the three types of discrimination
Animus
Statistical
Cognitive
Define statistical discrimination
Productivity, reducing characteristic associated with gender
What type of discrimination has an unconscious bias?
Cognitive
Cognitive discrimination involves _____
Stereotyping
Define stereotyping
Attribute treats that we habitually associate with a group to individuals that belong to that group
Policies on gender inequality: list the two current issues
Employment equity
Pay equity
Pay equity is the ____ stage in the evolution of equal ____ legislation
Third
Pay
List the three stages in the evolution of equal pay legislation, and their time periods
