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Soc 366 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Labour market definition: finish this sentence “the arenas……”

A

The arenas in which workers exchange their labour power in return for wages, status, and other job rewards

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2
Q

Labour market definition: finish this sentence “the institutions….”

A

The institutions and practices that govern the purchase, sale, and pricing of labour services

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3
Q

Workers supply for employer’s _______

A

Demand

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4
Q

Labour market: 3 things that workers supply

A

Skills

Knowledge

Loyalty

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5
Q

Labour market: 4 things that employers supply

A

Pay

Status

Career opportunities

Other rewards

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6
Q

Labour market actors: multiple actors influence BOTH _______(hiring) and _______(contracts)

A

Allocation

Pricing

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7
Q

List the 5 groups of labour market actors

A

Individual workers

Individual employers

Workers’ associations

Employers’ associations

Governments

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8
Q

Classical economic theory: workers and firms maximize _______ in a _____ market

A

Utility

Competitive

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9
Q

“Workers and firms maximize utilities in a competitive market”

List the 2 crucial assumptions of this

A

Complete information

Cannot influence price

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10
Q

Classical economic theory: _______ reflect supply and demand

A

WAGES

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11
Q

Classical economic theory: possession of _____/______/______/ that are scare or desirable lead to ______ wages

A

Education/skills/ability

Higher

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12
Q

“Skill” definition: the ability…….

A

The ability to use one’s knowledge effectively and readily in execution or performance

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13
Q

“Skill” definition: dexterity or…..

A

Dexterity or coordination especially in the execution of learned physical tasks

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14
Q

“Skill” definition: a learned…..

A

A learned power of doing something competently: a developed aptitude/ability

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15
Q

“Skill” Bills definition

A

“Any capacity to get things done”

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16
Q

3 “vs.” categories for skills

A

General vs specific

Hard vs soft

Individual vs job

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17
Q

Human capital theory: “the skills…”

A

The skills the labour force possesses and is regarded as a resource or asset

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18
Q

Human capital theory: school imparts ______ that will _________ more ______ in the labour market

A

Skills

Command

Rewards

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19
Q

HCT: perfect ______ for good jobs in an “____” labour market

(And give example)

A

Competition

Open

(Full information)

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20
Q

HCT:
human ______= better ______

A

Human capital = better jobs

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21
Q

HCT: Define “human capital”

A

Investment in education and training

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22
Q

HCT: Define “better jobs”

(2 words)

A

Higher returns

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23
Q

HCT: employers make ________ hiring ______

A

Rational

Decisions

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24
Q

HCT: what is meant by “employers making rational hiring decisions”

A

Best people match to best jobs

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25
Q

HCT: is a ______ process, also called a “______”

A

Fair

“meritocracy”

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26
Q

HCT: individuals and society are ______ ______

A

Best served

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27
Q

Critiques of HCT: often doesn’t have good _______ of _____

A

Measures of skill

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28
Q

Labour market segmentation theory:

questions ______, open ______ markets

A

Single

Labour

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29
Q

Different include industry/employers offer work opportunities that different rewards

Is what theory

A

Labour market segmentation theory

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30
Q

What does labour market segmentation theory highlight

(List four of these barriers)

A

Highlights restricted movements between labour market, sectors

(Education, cultural capital, connections, labor, market “closure”)

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31
Q

Who is in the core sector of the labour market?

A

Large, powerful companies, also government

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32
Q

Who is in the periphery sector of the labour market

A

Smaller, more competitive firms, also self-employed

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33
Q

Does the core or periphery sector have higher productivity and profit

A

Core

34
Q

Is the core sector capital intensive or labor-intensive?

A

Capital

35
Q

Is the Perry Siri sector capital intensive or labor-intensive?

A

Labour-intensive

36
Q

Between the court in Perry fairy sectors, which one is often unionized

A

Core

37
Q

Is the primary or secondary labour market better

(Give three reasons why)

A

Primary labour market

(Higher wages, better benefits, more job security)

38
Q

International labour market: competition restricted to ______ ______

A

Entry point

39
Q

What theory is this

A

Human capital theory

40
Q

Human capital theory: school in parts skills that will command more ______ in the labour market

A

Rewards

41
Q

Human capital theory: what does investment in education and training equal?

A

Better jobs

42
Q

Human capital theory: human capital = ____ ____

A

Higher returns

43
Q

Human capital theory: best people match to _____ jobs, fair process (“______”)

A

Best

“Meritocracy”

44
Q

Human capital theory: individuals and society our best _____

A

Served

45
Q

Three critiques of human capital theory

A

Often don’t have good measures of skill (is education a skill)

Where are the employers?

Is there a quality of educational opportunity?

46
Q

Define meritocracy

A

A society where jobs and pay our allocated based on an individual’s talent and achievements rather than social status

47
Q

Human capital theory ignores intragenerational _____ ____ ____

A

Transfer of advantage

48
Q

Defined the idea of cultural capital

A

Schools encourage and reward the language, beliefs, behavior, and competencies of the more powerful groups in society

And middle class cute spring more of this cultural capital to school with them, so have an advantage

49
Q

What does SES stand for?

A

Socio economic status

50
Q

Define socioeconomic status

A

The position of an individual or group that is determined by a combination of social and economic factors like

Income

Amount and type of education

Type in prestige of occupation

Place of residence

51
Q

What does labour market segmentation theory question

A

Question, single, open labour market

(Different industries/employers hat, offer, work opportunities that different in rewards)

52
Q

What does labour market segmentation theory highlight

A

Highlights restricted movement between labour market, sectors

53
Q

What sectors is the primary labour market and secondary labour market related to

A

Primary- core

Secondary - periphery

54
Q

Defined the dual economy perspective

A

How capitalist economies changed with a few large and powerful firms coming to dominate key industries

55
Q

What 4 things are related to the dual economies perspective?

A

Core (primary labour market)

Periphery (secondary labour market)

56
Q

Define market closure

A

The ability of professionals to shape the labour market to their advantage, rather than simply responding to it as the most occupational groups

57
Q

What two things have led to labour market, polarization

A

Industrial restructuring

The growth and non-standard work

58
Q

How are public and private spheres of the market and household related?

A

They’re intertwined in diverse Waze during all phases of economic development

59
Q

Public and private spheres of market and household:

Which rules do women perform?

Which rules do men perform?

A

Women perform the pivotal roles

(Quite different from those performed by men)

60
Q

Define social reproduction

A

The unpaid domestic labour of women

(Raising the future generation of workers and caring for the present generation of workers)

61
Q

Define family wage

A

A labour movements demand where wages should be high enough for a male breadwinner to support a wife and children

(Movement led by men)

62
Q

Women are more likely to be ___ ____ than to ____ ____

A

Shut out

Opt out

63
Q

Define horizontal segregation

A

Gender segregation across distinct occupations

64
Q

Define vertical segregation

A

Gender segregation at different levels within the same occupation

65
Q

What two things plane equal role in shaping women’s work

A

Maternal walls

Glass ceilings

66
Q

Define a glass ceiling

A

Barriers to advancement that persist, despite formal policies designed to eliminate them

67
Q

Do women still encounter glass ceiling

A

Yes

68
Q

What is the great equalizer in human capital theory

A

Education

69
Q

Two main competing series of how labour markets operate

A

Human capital theory

Market segmentation theory

70
Q

Define homophily

A

To reduce uncertainty, managers, recruit, and promote people like themselves

71
Q

What is another term for homophily

A

Social cloning

72
Q

What is the problem with homophily

A

Social cloning, reproduces male dominance in management, creating big barriers for women

73
Q

Define tokenism

A

The practice of hiring someone who belongs to a minority group, only to prevent criticism and give the appearance of people are being treated fairly

74
Q

Woman who do succeed and entering management face what problem

A

Tokenism

75
Q

What do tokens lack for surviving in the middle and upper ranks of organizations?

A

Support systems

76
Q

2 things that have led to labour market polarization

A

Industrial restructuring

Growth in nonstandard work

77
Q

Define labour market polarization

A

A gap where most employment opportunities are at the lowest and highest levels, and few jobs for those with mid-level skills

78
Q

Define occupational choice

A

Individuals develop through growth and exploration stages, a perception about themselves that they can seek to match with particular occupations

79
Q

Define labour market

A

Arena, in which employers want to purchase labour from potential workers were seeking jobs, suitable to their education experience and preferences

Workers exchange skills, knowledge, and loyalty for P status and rewards

80
Q

Who sets up labour market shelters

A

Unions and professional associations

81
Q

What is the goal of labour market shelters?

(2)

A

To improve job security

To improve income security

Soc 366 (7 decks)

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