Week 8

Question 1

How will global climate change affect terrestrial biomes

Answer 1

migration will occur
it will occur at different rates because organisms move at different rates

Question 2

Four key physical factors affecting the distribution and abundance of organisms in aquatic biomes

Answer 2

salinity
water depth
water flow
nutrient availability

Question 3

Salinity as a factor affecting distrubution

Answer 3

Def: the concentration of solutes
affects water balance of organisms (OSMOSIS)

Question 4

Water depth as a factor affecting distribution

Answer 4

water absorbs and scatters light causing turbidity
light required for productivity

Question 5

Zones of the ocean

Answer 5

Intertidal- consists of rocky shoreline, sandy beach or mud flat exposed to the air at low tide but submerged at high tide
Neritic- extends from intertidal zone to edge of continental shelf
Oceanic zone- Deep water region beyond continental shelf
benthic zone - bottom of ocean at all depths
photic zone - depth where sunlight reaches
aphotic zone- depth where sunlight does not reach

Question 6

Zones of Lakes

Answer 6

litteral zone- along shore in regions that are shallow enough form plants to take root
Limnetic Zone- offshore region where enough sunlight for photosynthesis
Also contains photic and aphotic zones, as well as benthic zone

Question 7

Water flow as a mechanism of distrubution

Answer 7

-flow rate can determine how much oxygen is available
-can determine body shapes or behavioral adaptations of organisms

Question 8

Nutrient availability as a mechanism of distrubution

Answer 8

photic zone has the most sunlight but nutrients are limited
-when organisms die they sink to the benthic zones
-organisms in the benthic zone survive by consuming materials from the photic zone

Question 9

Where does the photic zone get nutrients

Answer 9

coastal runoff
ocean upwelling
lake turnover

Question 10

How does ocean upwelling work

Answer 10

1. along the coast, the prevailing winds blow moving water at surface
2. As the earth rotates, the moving surface water is forced offshore
3. as the surface water leaves, it is replaced by nutrient-laden water welling up form the bottom

Question 11

How does lake turn over work

Answer 11

1. winter stratification - dense water at bottom, ice rests on top
2. Spring turnover - surface water warms to 4 and sinks
3. summer stratification - cooler water at the bottom, warmer water at the top
4. Fall turnover - surface water cools to 4 and sinks

Question 12

Population density

Answer 12

Number of individuals per unit area - varies throughout the range

Question 13

Types of distributions

Answer 13

Random, Clumped, Uniform

Question 14

Random distributions

Answer 14

if the position of each individual is independent of the others

Question 15

Clumped distributions

Answer 15

a patchy habitat or the organisms are social

Question 16

Uniform distributions

Answer 16

if organisms have a negative interaction that space them evenly

Question 17

What does range of distribution indicate

Answer 17

-Small range may indicate a single population of interbreeding individuals
-large range may indicate many populations (contiguous or isolated)

Question 18

Metapopulation

Answer 18

a population of populations connected by migration