week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

tinbergen’s 4 questions

A
  1. how is it caused?
  2. how does it develop?
  3. what is its function?
  4. what is its origin and how did it evolve
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2
Q

Question 1 - how is it caused

A

motivation:
casual factors:
- external casual factors
- internal casual factors

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3
Q

question 2 - how does it develop?

A
  • influences from genotype and environment
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4
Q

question 3 - what is its function?

A
  • ultimately, to increase fitness but how?
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5
Q

question 4 - how did it evolve and what was its origin?

A

natural selection?

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6
Q

motivational system

A

a set of functionally related behaviours = behaviours with a common goal

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7
Q

external stimuli

A

sign stimulus -> innate releasing mechanism -> fixed action pattern

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8
Q

sign stimuli

A
  • visual releasers
  • auditory releasers
  • chemical releasers
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9
Q

learned stimuli

A
  • preferred foods
  • spatial learning
  • emotionally charged things and places
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10
Q

the id source of 3 energies

A
  • libido
  • self-preservation
  • death instincts
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11
Q

catharsis

A

the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions
- anger builds up as an internal energy - aggressive behaviour releases energy

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12
Q

Lorenz (1950) psychohydraulic model applied to aggressive behaviour

A

action specific energy accumulates with time
- likelihood of aggression increases with time since last encounter
- aggression inevitable
Energy dissipated by action
- intensity of aggression declines through encounter
- motivation low at end of fight (catharsis)

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13
Q

critique of Lorenz’s psychohydraulic model of aggression

A
  1. aggression does not always increase with time since last encounter
  2. once started encounters often escalate, not decline, in intensity
  3. no evidence for energy accumulation
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14
Q

problems with drive

A
  • drive is a label - to say an individual drinks because it has a thirst drive does not explain anything
  • Hull stated that drive energised all responses equally but this is no necessarily so
  • ignores feedback from the consequences of behaviour
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15
Q

control theory approach

A

provides a framework for building theories

  • derived from engineering
  • feedback essential for control of behaviour
  • homeostatic system
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