week 8 (1)- education

Question 1

what is the critical approach?

Answer 1

• Policy and institutional processes – Daily educational practices
• Improving education for minority and/or disadvantaged students
• Seeking to “speak to – or intervene in – social issues in the world because language is a key way that humans make or break our world and institutions” (Gee 2011:9)

Question 2

what are the perspectives on language classrooms?

Answer 2

Deficit views: Blamed minority or disadvantaged students for not knowing a school’s primary language

Difference views: Saw students’ diversity as a resource

Question 3

what is the interactional approach and how does it work?

Answer 3

What: microethnographic and sociolinguistic studies of discourse-in-use in classrooms and other educational settings (Bloome et al., 2004; Erickson, 2004).

How: face-to-face and moment-by-moment interactions between teachers and students

Question 4

why use the interactional approach?

Answer 4

1. Identify features of this type of institutional talk (classroom talk): who can say and do what, when and where, for what purposes, in what ways, under what conditions.
2. With what consequences or outcomes (e.g., Duff, 2002).
   • contextualization cues such as gaze, proxemics, intonation, and volume, can facilitate the social organization of attention and action in conversation.

Question 5

what is the three-part (tripartite) teaching exchange (Sinclair and Coulthard 1975)

Answer 5

• Initiation • Response • Feedback

Question 6

what three kinds of classroom exchanges did Sinclair and Coulthard (1975) identify?

Answer 6

• Question and answer sequences • Pupils responding to teachers’ directions • Pupils listening to the teacher giving information

Question 7

what is the deficit view on language classrooms?

Answer 7

Blamed minority or disadvantaged students for not knowing a school’s primary language

Question 8

what is the difference view on language classrooms?

Answer 8

Saw students’ diversity as a resource