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PTA therapeutic skills: Neurological > Week 7 - Tuesday > Flashcards

Week 7 - Tuesday Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord functions

A

two way conduction pathway (to and from the brain)
contains motor and sensory neurons

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2
Q

LMN lesion

A

Lower motor neurons
affects nerve fibers traveling to relevant nerves via anterior horn or motor nuclei of cranial nerves

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3
Q

UMN Lesions

A

Upper motor neurons
where most spinal cord injuries occur
occurs in neural pathway above anterior horn cell of spinal cord

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4
Q

where is the injury/condition if UMN and LMN is affected?

A

spinal cord and adjacent spinal root involvement
tumor or big cut at the spine

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5
Q

Quadriplegia/tetraplegia

A

partial or total loss of all 4 limbs and torso
C1-C7
loss of sensory and motor

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6
Q

Triplegia

A

partial or total loss of use of 3 limbs
usually both legs and one arm

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7
Q

Paraplegia

A

partial or total loss use of lower extremities
torso may be involved

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8
Q

Monoplegia

A

partial or total loss of use of one limb (usually arm)

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9
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Up to full paralysis of one side of body
may have trouble speaking or breathing

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10
Q

Diplegia

A

Stiffness, weakness or lack of mobility in muscle groups on both sides of body

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11
Q

ASIA A: Complete

A

no motor or sensory function is preserved in S4-S5

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12
Q

ASIA B: Incomplete

A

sensory is preserved below neurological level and includes sacral segments
motor function is not preserved

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13
Q

ASIA C: Incomplete

A

motor function is preserved below the neurological level

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14
Q

ASIA D: Incomplete

A

motor function is preserved with muscle grade > 3

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15
Q

ASIA E

A

normal

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16
Q

SCI Syndromes

A

Central cord syndrome
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Anterior Cord Syndrome
Posterior Cord Syndrome
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
Cauda Equina Syndrome (Not considered a true SCI b/c it is nerves)

17
Q

Which is the most common SCI Syndrome

A

Central Cord Syndrome

18
Q

Central Cord Syndrome

A

Usually occurs in cervical spine
greater involvement of the UEs than the LEs

19
Q

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

A

One side of spinal cord
Results from a hemi-section of the spinal cord

20
Q

What can cause Brown-Sequard Syndrome

A

spinal tumor
spinal cord infection
inflammation of spinal cord
penetrating wounds to spinal cord

21
Q

Anterior cord syndrome

A

affects anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord, sparing posterior third
typically poorer prognosis for functional improvement

22
Q

Least common SCI syndrome

A

Posterior Cord syndrome

23
Q

Posterior cord syndrome

A

loss of proprioception and sense of vibration below level of injury
motor function, sensation of pain, temperature and touch remain intact

24
Q

Conus Medullaris Syndrome

A

terminal end of spinal cord (T12-L2 in adults)
most commonly caused by trauma or tumors
very LE weakness

25
Q

SCI clinical picture

A

Spinal shock: period of areflexia (days to months)
impaired temperature control
respiratory impairment
spasticity
B/B changes

26
Q

SCI: secondary complications

A

Pressure sores
Autonomic dysreflexia (AD)
postural hypotension
heterotopic bone formation
contractures
pain
DVT
osteoporosis
muscle spasms

27
Q

Muscle spasms

A

involuntary muscle movements
interrupted signals between reflexes and brain

28
Q

AD

A

Autonomic Dysreflexia
overactivity of autonomic nervous system
causes sudden onset of high BP
associated with lesion at or above T6

29
Q

AD interventions

A

place pt. in upright position
loosen tight clothing, leg bags
NOT OUR JOB:
Check B/B, other sources
pharmacological interventions

30
Q

Which brace is common after an SCI

A

Thoraco-Lumbar Brace

31
Q

SCI PT management: Acute phase

A

respiratory management
Prevention of complications
ROM maintenance
strengthening/facilitation of active movements as permitted medically
Orientation to vertical
WE WILL HELP THEM MOVE THEIR LEGS

32
Q

SCI PT Management: Rehab phase

A

Functional expectations
education
ROM, strength, function
W/c prescription and management
ambulation (as appropriate)

33
Q

Tenodesis Grasp and release

A

person may be able to send signal to control the wrist but not fingers
when wrist is extended, tendons along the fingers will shorten and close fingers
when wrist is flexed, tendons will lengthen and extend outward passively

PTA therapeutic skills: Neurological (9 decks)

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